Wasta and Favoritism: The Case of Kuwait

Alenezi, Marim; Hassan, Samia I; Abdelrahim, Yousif; Albadry, Omaima Munawar

doi:10.1007/978-3-031-08954-1_60

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Mojamala could be the start of a process that leads to corruption. Indeed, according to Alenezi et al (2023), Mojamala is the factor that provokes more favoritism, and favoritism leads to corruption. Based on the above, we advance the following hypothesis: H1: Mojamala positively influences exchange relationship satisfaction.…”

Section: Mojamalamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Informal interorganizational business relationships, satisfaction, and firm performance: Case of Arab Maghreb countries

Toumi

2023

Int'l Jnl of Cross Cultural Management

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Understanding how informal relationships such as Wasta operate in different cultures is necessary for multinationals to thrive. However, studies on the effect of such networks on multinationals' activities in Arab countries remain limited. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of informal inter-organizational business relationships on the satisfaction and performance of firms in Arab Maghreb countries. This study examines the effect of informal interorganizational business relationships on satisfaction and firm performance in Arab Maghreb countries. This research is based on a self-administered survey with 534 procurement managers from Morocco ( n = 220), Algeria ( n = 148) and Tunisia ( n = 166). We used structural equations to test our hypotheses. The results showed that Wasta has almost the same effect on interorganizational relationship in the three Maghreb countries. Specifically, Mojamala (affection) does not influence the satisfaction of the B2B relationship within the three counties under study, while Hamola (reciprocity) and Somah (trust) positively influence this relationship. The analysis showed that the negative side of Somah has a negative influence on satisfaction only in Algeria. The results also showed that satisfaction positively influences the performance of Maghrebian B2B partners. These results show that the phenomenon of Wasta is rooted in the cultures of the Maghreb countries and underscore the need to conduct further studies to understand it and to raise awareness among multinationals that plan to do business with the local partners or those who are planning to relocate. Implications for IB, theory and policy are discussed together with the study’s limitations and suggestions for future research. Through this study, we contribute to the development of research on cross-culture management by showing the effect of Wasta as a cultural phenomenon on business relations in the Maghreb countries. Our research is the first to investigate the effect of the informal interorganizational relationship on the satisfaction and performance of B2B partners.

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Section: Mojamalamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Wasta literature, the majority of countries studied are in the Middle East such as Jordan (i.e., Al-Ramahi, 2008; Ali et al, 2015), Kuwait (i.e., Al-Enzi, 2017; Alenezi et al, 2023) El-Enzi et al, 2017), and Egypt (i.e., Mohamed and Mohamad, 2011). However, the Arab Maghreb has not received any attention and has not been studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Informal interorganizational business relationships, satisfaction, and firm performance: Case of Arab Maghreb countries

Toumi

2023

Int'l Jnl of Cross Cultural Management

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“…Wasta is acknowledged as an element that lessens equal chances for workers and businesses (Mohamed and Mohamad, 2011). Wasta is linked to favoritism (Alenezi, Hassan, Abdelrahim, & Albadry, 2023), and corruption, and both of these factors are influenced by Wasta. Wasta eradicates social and trade equality by propagating the idea that employees and business firms have different opportunities, and it also influences corruption in three ways: gifts, favors, and accepting bribes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wasta and Corruption: The Case of Sudan

2023

HNSJ

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The study aims to use Hedonism and Social Identity theories to explain why Sudanese people use Wasta in excess. The authors empirically investigate the connection between corruption in Sudan and Wasta, a social network of interpersonal relations implanted in lineage, tribe, family, and extended connections. Utilizing the Structural Equation Modeling technique, the authors examined the three hypotheses by collecting primary data (N=410) from male and female private sector employees in Sudan via Google Survey Link. Wasta and corruption have a positive and significant relationship, according to the study's results. The findings also conclude that, out of the three Wasta components (Mojamala, Hamola, and Somah), Hamola and Somah are the most influential Wasta factors that drive corruption. The findings validate the three Wasta dimensions and help researchers utilize a Wasta conceptual framework for the link between Wasta and corruption. International investors may be capable of coping, thriving, and prospering in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) without disregarding their regulations of business ethics if practitioners apprehend the concept of Wasta. Also, foreign enterprises doing business in Sudan and the MENA profit from having a concrete familiarity with Wasta because it makes them conscious of the overlooked needle of Wasta, encourages them to endure proactive measures and lessens the likelihood of bribery. In addition, apprehending Wasta would inspire multinational corporations to prioritize the development of practicum programs that prepare global assignees about the significance of cultural norms, and values. And how business firms in the MENA are influenced by national culture.

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Wasta and Favoritism: The Case of Kuwait

Cited by 2 publications

References 35 publications

Informal interorganizational business relationships, satisfaction, and firm performance: Case of Arab Maghreb countries

Informal interorganizational business relationships, satisfaction, and firm performance: Case of Arab Maghreb countries

Wasta and Corruption: The Case of Sudan

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