Waste biomass valorization for the production of biofuels and value-added products: A comprehensive review of thermochemical, biological and integrated processes
“…That way critical decisions related to the commercial implementation of the technologies would be presented. Additionally, techno-economic analysis (TEA) is a very important tool used to determine the profitability of a new technology as well as its market competitiveness ( Okolie et al., 2022 ). Also, the life cycle assessment (LCA) is a popular method employed in assessing the environmental aspects associated with a product over its life cycle including the production and consumptions stages.…”
Section: Economic and Environmental Assessment Of Hydrogenolysis Processmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Moreover, Dow Company successfully designed a pilot plant facility at the Halterman Custom Processing Facility in Houston ( Chatterjee et al, 2011 ). Figure 10 Different levels and definitions of TRL Adapted from Okolie et al., (2022) . …”
Section: Technology Readiness Level Of Hydrogenolysis Of Glycerol To Rpgmentioning
“…That way critical decisions related to the commercial implementation of the technologies would be presented. Additionally, techno-economic analysis (TEA) is a very important tool used to determine the profitability of a new technology as well as its market competitiveness ( Okolie et al., 2022 ). Also, the life cycle assessment (LCA) is a popular method employed in assessing the environmental aspects associated with a product over its life cycle including the production and consumptions stages.…”
Section: Economic and Environmental Assessment Of Hydrogenolysis Processmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Moreover, Dow Company successfully designed a pilot plant facility at the Halterman Custom Processing Facility in Houston ( Chatterjee et al, 2011 ). Figure 10 Different levels and definitions of TRL Adapted from Okolie et al., (2022) . …”
Section: Technology Readiness Level Of Hydrogenolysis Of Glycerol To Rpgmentioning
“…Thus, organic waste materials such as energy crops and manure are of specific importance thanks to the fast growth and low cultivation cost of the former and the abundance and composition of the latter [1,2]. The various technologies available for biomass and/or waste derived power generation can be mainly subdivided into thermochemical and biochemical conversion processes, while several hybrid approaches have been presented in the literature as well [3].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Anaerobic digestion, which is categorized within the biochemical processes, is characterized as a robust, effective, and widely applied process. Several types of biomass and waste can be valorized anaerobically through co-digestion of homogeneous mixtures which are able to promote the process performance [3,4]. In particular, co-digestion is considered to be an appealing option for boosting the efficiency of the process thanks to its positive synergisms which can significantly increase the economic viability of biogas plants [5].…”
The need for alternative energy sources is constantly growing worldwide, while the focus has shifted to the valorization of biomass. The aim of the present study was to determine the optimal pH and hydraulic retention time (HRT) values for treating a mixture of sorghum biomass solution with liquid cow manure (in a ratio 95:5 v/v) through anaerobic digestion, in a two-stage system. Batch tests were initially carried out for the investigation of the pH effect on bio-hydrogen and volatile fatty acids (VFA) production. The highest hydrogen yield of 0.92 mol H2/mol carbohydratesconsumed was obtained at pH 5.0, whereas the maximum degradation of carbohydrates and VFA productivity was observed at pH 6.0. Further investigation of the effect of HRT on hydrogen and methane production was carried out. The maximum yield of 1.68 mol H2/mol carbohydratesconsumed was observed at an HRT of 5 d, with H2 productivity of 0.13 L/LR·d. On the other hand, the highest CH4 production rate of 0.44 L/LR·d was achieved at an HRT of 25 d, with a methane yield of 295.3 mL/g VSadded, whereas at a reduced HRT of 20 d the process exhibited inhibition and/or overload, as indicated by an accumulation of VFAs and decline in CH4 productivity.
“…The optimal balance may be achieved with the correct mixture of available substrates, but this task is challenging and difficult to achieve manually due to the high combinatorial possibilities and changing availability of substrates of heterogeneous nature. The complexity increases when the process is codigestion, with the addition of residual substrates produced by agro-food and similar industries, each with its own dynamics of substrate generation and composition [29][30][31][32]. Additionally, not all WWTPs have an anaerobic digester.…”
Anaerobic digestion (AnD) is a process that allows the conversion of organic waste into a source of energy such as biogas, introducing sustainability and circular economy in waste treatment. AnD is an intricate process because of multiple parameters involved, and its complexity increases when the wastes are from different types of generators. In this case, a key point to achieve good performance is optimisation methods. Currently, many tools have been developed to optimise a single AnD plant. However, the study of a network of AnD plants and multiple waste generators, all in different locations, remains unexplored. This novel approach requires the use of optimisation methodologies with the capacity to deal with a highly complex combinatorial problem. This paper proposes and compares the use of three evolutionary algorithms: ant colony optimisation (ACO), genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimisation (PSO), which are especially suited for this type of application. The algorithms successfully solve the problem, using an objective function that includes terms related to quality and logistics. Their application to a real case study in Catalonia (Spain) shows their usefulness (ACO and GA to achieve maximum biogas production and PSO for safer operation conditions) for AnD facilities.
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