Waste Form of Silver Iodide (AgI) with Low-Temperature Sintering Glasses

Yang, Joon-Eon; Shin, Jin Myeong; Park, Jang Jin; Park, Geun Il

doi:10.1080/01496395.2013.817424

Cited by 23 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In order to use a glass waste form for iodine, low temperature sintering glasses, which can be processed below the melting point of AgI, are recommended. There are a number of glass waste forms proposed for iodine in the literature including vanadium and lead oxide glasses (Nishi et al, 1996), low temperature sintering Bi-Si-Zn-oxide glasses (Garino et al, 2011b), Bi-P-Zn-oxide glasses (Yang et al, 2013), AgI and Ag 4 P 2 O 7 glass (Sakuragi et al, 2008), and silver aluminophosphate glasses (Lemesle et al, 2014). In many of those low temperature sintering glasses, AgI is still the phase that contains iodine and the glass functions as a matrix that encapsulates AgI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporation of iodine into apatite structure: a crystal chemistry approach using Artificial Neural Network

Wang

2015

Front. Earth Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Materials with apatite crystal structure have a great potential for incorporating the long-lived radioactive iodine isotope (129 I) in the form of iodide (I −) from nuclear waste streams. Because of its durability and potentially high iodine content, the apatite waste form can reduce iodine release rate and minimize the waste volume. Crystal structure and composition of apatite (A 5 (XO 4) 3 Z) was investigated for iodide incorporation into the channel of the structure using Artificial Neural Network. A total of 86 experimentally determined apatite crystal structures of different compositions were compiled from literature, and 44 of them were used to train the networks and 42 were used to test the performance of the trained networks. The results show that the performances of the networks are satisfactory for predictions of unit cell parameters a and c and channel size of the structure. The trained and tested networks were then used to predict unknown compositions of apatite that incorporates iodide. With a crystal chemistry consideration, chemical compositions that lead to matching the size of the structural channel to the size of iodide were then predicted to be able to incorporate iodide in the structural channel. The calculations suggest that combinations of A site cations of Ag + , K + , Sr 2+ , Pb 2+ , Ba 2+ , and Cs + , and X site cations, mostly formed tetrahedron, of Mn 5+ , As 5+ , Cr 5+ , V 5+ , Mo 5+ , Si 4+ , Ge 4+ , and Re 7+ are possible apatite compositions that are able to incorporate iodide. The charge balance of different apatite compositions can be achieved by multiple substitutions at a single site or coupled substitutions at both A and X sites. The results give important clues for designing experiments to synthesize new apatite compositions and also provide a fundamental understanding how iodide is incorporated in the apatite structure. This understanding can provide important insights for apatite waste forms design by optimizing the chemical composition and synthesis procedure.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporation of iodine into apatite structure: a crystal chemistry approach using Artificial Neural Network

Wang

2015

Front. Earth Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The normalized leaching rates of immobilized I in various matrices are summarized in Table S2. As shown in Table S2, the leaching rate of I in this work was higher than that of the AgI immobilized in Bi−P−Zn glass, 14 Boron glass, 37 B−Bi−Zn−Si glass 52 and W(Mo or V)−Ag−Te glass, 53 which may be attributed to the fact that AgI was more stable than Bi x O y I. However, it was comparable with the immobilization of Bi x O y I in B−Bi−Zn glass 21 and iodate in glass−zeolite−4A 54 and lower than that of the immobilization of iodate in Pb−B−Zn glass 55 and Cs 3 Bi 2 I 9 in perovskite−silica.…”

Section: Chemical Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Immobilization of radioactive iodine waste into stable matrices (such as cements, glass, ceramics, and glass ceramics) was recognized as an effective strategy in the field of radioactive iodine waste treatment. Among the various matrices, glass was the most widely studied and applied. − Up to now, different glass systems have been designed and employed to immobilize iodine waste. For instance, Bi–Si–Zn oxide glass was prepared and used to immobilize AgI waste .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Retention Immobilization of Iodine in B–Bi–Zn Oxide Glass Using Bi₂O₃ as a Stabilizer under a N₂ Atmosphere

Xian

Xiao

et al. 2022

Inorg. Chem.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The immobilization of iodine waste suffers from serious iodine loss during heat treatment. Herein, we reported on the high iodine retention immobilization of simulated radioiodinecontaminated Bi 0 −SiO 2 sorbent in B−Bi−Zn oxide glass using Bi 2 O 3 as a stabilizer under a N 2 atmosphere. The effects of the Bi 2 O 3 content and sintering atmosphere on the iodine immobilization behaviors (iodine retention ratio, phase composition, microstructure, and chemical stability) were investigated. It was found that the decomposition of BiI 3 was prevented by adding Bi 2 O 3 and sintering in a N 2 atmosphere. The iodine retention ratio in the obtained glass waste form was significantly enhanced with increasing Bi 2 O 3 content and sintering in the N 2 atmosphere due to the synergistic effect. The achieved record-high iodine retention (92.22 ± 2.6%) was much higher than that of conventional heat treatment route (18.01 ± 3.5%). The results demonstrated that iodine was effectively immobilized through the formation of stable Bi x O y I (Bi 5 O 7 I and BiOI). Furthermore, the obtained iodine waste form exhibited excellent compactness and chemical stability. Owing to its high iodine retention ratio, this route can be employed to effectively immobilize radioactive iodine.

show abstract

“…Garino et al 17 designed bismuth− silicon−zinc oxide glass to immobilize AgI or AgI-MOR at a low sintering temperature of 550 °C. Yang et al 18 studied bismuth−zinc phosphate oxide glass, which can immobilize iodine-containing waste at low sintering temperatures (600− 650 °C). Boron glass is one of the best candidates for AgI immobilization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bismuth Coordinates with Iodine Atoms to Form Chemical Bonds for Existing Stabilization in Boron Glass

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Stabilizing radioactive iodine in boron glass for disposal was the ultimate goal of this study. In this study, bismuth was used near a monument. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that bismuth could remarkably stabilize iodine atoms in boron glass (only 3.74% of the mass was lost at 850 °C). Scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectrometry images showed that most of the AgI was uniformly immobilized in the glass network. X-ray photoelectron spectrometry and NMR results confirmed the change in the coordination number of boron in the samples. The density functional theory calculation helped to understand the reason for the stable presence of iodine in boron glass. Iodine atoms were difficult to bond directly with boron atoms but tended to bond with bismuth atoms. From the spatial distribution of the structural molecular orbitals, it was observed that the bismuth atom releases electrons when stimulated, and the iodine atom needs to gain an electron to reach stability. At a low treatment temperature of 550 °C, the maximum density of the immobilized sample containing bismuth is 2.42 g·cm–3, and its iodine leaching rate at day 7 can be as low as 3.77 × 10–6 g·m–2·d–1. This study provides a way to improve the properties of boron glass microscopically in the future.

show abstract

Waste Form of Silver Iodide (AgI) with Low-Temperature Sintering Glasses

Cited by 23 publications

References 15 publications

Incorporation of iodine into apatite structure: a crystal chemistry approach using Artificial Neural Network

Incorporation of iodine into apatite structure: a crystal chemistry approach using Artificial Neural Network

High Retention Immobilization of Iodine in B–Bi–Zn Oxide Glass Using Bi₂O₃ as a Stabilizer under a N₂ Atmosphere

Bismuth Coordinates with Iodine Atoms to Form Chemical Bonds for Existing Stabilization in Boron Glass

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Waste Form of Silver Iodide (AgI) with Low-Temperature Sintering Glasses

Cited by 23 publications

References 15 publications

Incorporation of iodine into apatite structure: a crystal chemistry approach using Artificial Neural Network

Incorporation of iodine into apatite structure: a crystal chemistry approach using Artificial Neural Network

High Retention Immobilization of Iodine in B–Bi–Zn Oxide Glass Using Bi2O3 as a Stabilizer under a N2 Atmosphere

Bismuth Coordinates with Iodine Atoms to Form Chemical Bonds for Existing Stabilization in Boron Glass

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

High Retention Immobilization of Iodine in B–Bi–Zn Oxide Glass Using Bi₂O₃ as a Stabilizer under a N₂ Atmosphere