Waste management—Cytokines, growth factors and cachexia

Saini, Amarjit; Al-Shanti, Nasser; Stewart, Claire E.

doi:10.1016/j.cytogfr.2006.09.006

Cited by 152 publications

(120 citation statements)

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“…MuRF-1 ubiquitinates myofibrillar and cytoskeleton proteins and metabolic enzymes in preparation for their subsequent breakdown in the proteasome [57][58][59][60]. In line with this role in muscle protein breakdown during fasting, we observed that MuRF-1 expression was increased substantially in the alfacalcidol group, without a change in MAFbx mRNA levels (see Fig.…”

Section: Effects Of Alfacalcidol and Muscle Fibre Atrophysupporting

confidence: 73%

Effects of alfacalcidol on circulating cytokines and growth factors in rat skeletal muscle

et al. 2011

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Supra-physiological levels of vitamin D induce skeletal muscle atrophy, which may be particularly detrimental in already sarcopaenic elderly. Neither the cause nor whether the atrophy is fibre type specific are known. To obtain supraphysiological levels of circulating vitamin D (1,25(OH) 2 D 3 ) 27.5-month-old female Fischer 344 9 Brown Norway F1 rats were orally treated for 6 weeks with vehicle or the vitamin D analogue alfacalcidol. Alfacalcidol treatment induced a 22% decrease in body mass and 17% muscle atrophy. Fibre atrophy was restricted to type IIb fibres in the low-oxidative part of the gastrocnemius medialis only (-22%; P \ 0.05). There was a concomitant 1.6-fold increase in mRNA expression of the ubiquitin ligase MuRF-1 (P \ 0.001), whereas those of insulin-like growth factor 1 and myostatin were not affected. Circulating IL-6 was unaltered, but leptin and adiponectin were decreased (-39%) and increased (64%), respectively. The treated rats also exhibited a reduced food intake. In conclusion, supraphysiological levels of circulating 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 cause preferential atrophy of type IIb fibres, which is associated with an increased expression of MuRF-1 without evidence of systemic inflammation. The atrophy and loss of body mass in the presence of supra-physiological levels of vitamin D are primarily due to a reduced food intake.

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Section: Effects Of Alfacalcidol and Muscle Fibre Atrophysupporting

confidence: 73%

Effects of alfacalcidol on circulating cytokines and growth factors in rat skeletal muscle

et al. 2011

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“…The importance of TNF␣ in the pathophysiology of AS (1) but also in muscle loss is well known (8,30,31). TNF␣ Figure 2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity and body composition in patients with ankylosing spondylitis

Plasqui

Boonen

Geusens

et al. 2011

Arthritis Care & Research

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Objective. Patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) are at risk for accelerated muscle loss and reduced physical activity. Accurate data are needed on body composition and physical activity in this patient group. The purpose of this study was to investigate body composition and objectively assessed physical activity in patients with AS. Methods. Twenty-five AS patients (15 men, mean ؎ SD age 48 ؎ 11 years) were compared with 25 healthy adults matched for age, sex, and body mass index. Body composition was measured using a 3-compartment model based on air-displacement plethysmography to assess body volume and deuterium dilution to assess total body water. The fat-free mass index (FFMI; fat-free mass divided by height squared) and the percent fat mass (%FM) were calculated. Daily physical activity was assessed for 7 days using a triaxial accelerometer and physical fitness with an incremental test until exertion on a bicycle ergometer. Blood samples were taken to determine C-reactive protein (CRP) level and tumor necrosis factor ␣. Results. Accelerometer output (kilocounts/day) showed the same physical activity level for patients and controls (mean ؎ SD 319 ؎ 105 versus 326 ؎ 66). There was no difference in the FFMI or %FM between the patients and controls. Physical activity was positively related to the FFMI (partial R ‫؍‬ 0.38, P ‫؍‬ 0.01) and inversely related to CRP level (R ‫؍‬ ؊0.39, P < 0.01), independent of group. CRP level was inversely related to the FFMI, but the effect was less strong than with physical activity (partial R ‫؍‬ ؊0.31, P ‫؍‬ 0.03). Conclusion. Daily physical activity may help preserve fat-free mass in patients with AS.

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“…[23] It is energy-intensive with high rates of hepatic protein synthesis and requires large quantities of essential amino acids. Through a variety of described pathways, [24] long term exposure to elevated levels of cytokines enhances protein catabolism and induces anorexia, and lean muscle mass is expended to support synthesis of acute phase proteins. The culmination of these processes creates a state of vascular cachexia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Integrated Biochemical Prediction Model of All-Cause Mortality in Patients Undergoing Lower Extremity Bypass Surgery for Advanced Peripheral Artery Disease

Owens

Kim

Gasper

et al. 2012

Journal of Surgical Research

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Background-Patients with advanced peripheral artery disease (PAD) have a high prevalence of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and shortened life expectancy. However, CV risk factors poorly predict midterm (<5 years) mortality in this population. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that baseline biochemical parameters would add clinically meaningful predictive information in patients undergoing lower extremity bypass.

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Waste management—Cytokines, growth factors and cachexia

Cited by 152 publications

References 100 publications

Effects of alfacalcidol on circulating cytokines and growth factors in rat skeletal muscle

Effects of alfacalcidol on circulating cytokines and growth factors in rat skeletal muscle

Physical activity and body composition in patients with ankylosing spondylitis

An Integrated Biochemical Prediction Model of All-Cause Mortality in Patients Undergoing Lower Extremity Bypass Surgery for Advanced Peripheral Artery Disease

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