Waste paper-derived magnetic carbon composite: A novel eco-friendly solid acid for the synthesis of n-butyl levulinate from furfuryl alcohol

Nanostructured single-atom catalysts derived from natural building blocks

“…Currently, researchers have embarked on efforts aimed at developing multifunctional carbon-based materials from waste paper. 145,146 In particular, waste paper-derived active carbon (WPAC) can also be used as a low-cost and robust support to anchor Co atoms for the preparation of Co–N/WPAC-SACs due to its large surface area (535.2 m 2 g −1 ) and abundant pore structures (Fig. 6j and k).…”

Critical Review on the Synthesis of Levulinate Esters from Biomass-Based Feedstocks and Their Application

“…Kumari et al 87 and Liu et al 88 used a sulfonated acid catalyst to catalyze the conversion of LA in ethanol to produce EL, and the EL yield of more than 85% was obtained (Entries 17−18, Table S1). Yang et al 89 reported a high surface area, strong acidity, and high magnetic porous magnetic carbonaceous catalyst (SMWP) derived from waste paper residues by FeCl 3 impregnation, carbonization at 400 °C for 6 h under a N 2 atmosphere, and sulfonation with H 2 SO 4 . The catalyst active sites (Fe 3 O 4 , −COOH, −OH, −SO 3 H) afforded high catalytic performance of FFA to BL, and SO 3 H groups were identified to be the dominant active sites (Figure 4).…”

Contribution to the production and use of biomass-derived solvents – a review

“…On the other hand, the use of glycerol was advantageous, since it promoted rapidly conversion of glucose into 5-HMF and reduced humin deposition on the reactor wall. Yang et al [99] prepared a magnetic carbonaceous solid acid (SMWP) catalyst from waste paper scraps via Feimpregnation, carbonization and sulfonation process, which could easily be recovered from reaction medium with external magnetic fields. The SMWP catalyzed the alcoholysis of furfuryl alcohol with n-butanol, reaching to 90.6% yield of naffinity towards furfuryl alcohol, due to the presence of the SO3H, COOH and phenolic OH groups on the catalyst surface.…”