Waste sugarcane bagasse‐derived nanocatalyst for microwave‐assisted transesterification: Thermal, kinetic and optimization study

Abstract

The production of biodiesel has increased globally during the last decade to overcome the problems of increasing prices of petro-diesel and the depletion of fossil fuels. The present study aimed to utilize agro-waste sugarcane bagasse (SCB) to synthesize a heterogeneous acid catalyst for biodiesel production using waste cooking oil. Waste sugarcane bagasse was converted into biochar through partial carbonization and activated via sulfonation by using acid solutions of different concentration i.e., 1M, 3M, 5M and concentrated sulfuric acid at a sulfonation temperature of 180 °C for 5 h. The prepared catalysts were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) technique, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen and Sulfur (CHNS) analyzer. The prepared catalyst exhibited an excellent surface area of 20.78 m 2 g -1 and a total acid density of 3.94 mmol g -1 . The biodiesel production process was optimized by varying reaction temperature from (40-70 °C), methanol to oil molar ratio (5:1-20:1), catalyst loading (1-7 wt.%) and reaction time (5-25 min) by using a microwave reactor. The maximum conversion of 95.45% and yield of 92.12% was obtained under optimum conditions: catalyst loading 5 wt%, methanol-to-oil molar ratio (15:1), temperature (60 °C) after 15 min. The results of the experiments were validated by using response surface methodology, which validated the predicted model. The kinetic study of experiments showed that the use of sulfonated catalysts lowered the Original Article: Biodiesel under the influence of microwave heating MH Nazir et al.

Microwave-assisted biodiesel production using –SO3H functionalized heterogeneous catalyst derived from a lignin-rich biomass

“…Furthermore, an excess of methanol may not result in improved catalytic efficiency since a considerable quantity of alcohol might limit oleic acid accessibility to the active sites of the catalyst. Therefore, a desired molar ratio of methanol is required for the esterification to carry out the reaction in a forward direction 27 , 30 . The impact of oleic acid to methanol molar ratio on conversion yield was investigated by changing the molar ratio to 1:12, 1:16, 1:20, and 1:24, at 85 °C for 60 min and 9 wt% catalyst doses.…”

“…SFHCs derived from biomass have numerous specific characteristics, such as providing excellent conversion efficiency, being easily separable from the reaction mixture, and being highly reusable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly. Numerous SFHCs, including, Areca nut husk 24 , Acai stone 25 , citrus limetta peel 26 , Sugarcane bagasse 27 , and Sargassum horneri 28 , Pineapple leaves 29 , Date pits 30 , Tucuma peels 31 have been reported for biodiesel production. However, these existing catalysts have several problems, and they provide lower ester content in biodiesel with harsh reaction conditions, which affect the cost of biodiesel production.…”

Sustainable waste cotton and pigeon pea stalk fibers composite materials for acoustics and thermal properties

“…The Experimental Testing was also been conducted on the physical properties of the developed composite samples. 13,14…”

“…The Experimental Testing was also been conducted on the physical properties of the developed composite samples. 13,14 Experimental testing methods Measurement of sound absorption coefficient. The impedance tube method is mainly applied to measure the sound absorption coefficient (SAC) of composite materials.…”

Enhancing Biodiesel Production: A Review of Microchannel Reactor Technologies

“…Nazir et al [123] reported the conversion of waste cooking oil into biodiesel using sugarcane bagasse biochar as a catalyst. Microwave irradiation was used to maintain the reaction temperature at 60 • C. The highest biodiesel yield of 92.12% was obtained within 15 min using 5 wt.% of catalyst loading at a 1:15 oil-to-methanol molar ratio.…”