Waste to biodiesel: A preliminary assessment for Saudi Arabia

Abstract

This study presents a preliminary assessment of biodiesel production from waste sources available in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) for energy generation and solution for waste disposal issues. A case study was developed under three different scenarios: (S1) KSA population only in 2017, (S2) KSA population and pilgrims in 2017, and (S3) KSA population and pilgrims by 2030 using the fat fraction of the municipal solid waste. It was estimated that S1, S2, and S3 scenarios could produce around 1.08, 1.10 and 1.41 million tons of biodiesel with the energy potential of 43423, 43949 and 56493 TJ respectively. Furthermore, annual savings of US $55.89, 56.56 and 72.71 million can be generated from landfill diversion of food waste and added to the country's economy. However, there are challenges in commercialization of waste to biodiesel facilities in KSA, including waste collection and separation, impurities, reactor design and biodiesel quality.

Brewers' spent grains: Drying kinetics and biodiesel production

“…It is important to note that the oil content of BSGs ranges from 3.9% to 13.3% on dry bases [the same as above??] which is comparable with the oil content found in the other feedstocks such as 20% in Jatropha curcas (Sinha et al, 2015), 14% in spent coffee grounds (Najdanovic-Visak et al, 2017) and other agricultural waste including seeds of tea, tobacco or tomato, linseed and bay laurel leaves (Rehan et al, 2017).…”

Impact of Biogas and Waste Fats Methyl Esters on NO, NO2, CO, and PM Emission by Dual Fuel Diesel Engine

“…Alternative fuels are being sought to reduce emissions of harmful components from exhaust gases [7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. In response to the depletion of natural energy resources and an increase in CO 2 emissions resulting from the combustion of fossil fuels, research on biomass fuel production is carried out worldwide [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. The resulting different quality biodiesel liquid fuels [24][25][26][27][28], as well as biogas [29,30] nevertheless constitute a significant source of energy [31][32][33][34][35], especially for small farms.…”

Optimization of the Production of Enzymatic Biodiesel from Residual Babassu Oil (Orbignya sp.) via RSM

“…In this sense, efforts have been made to enable the use of a wide range of raw materials, to optimize the processes of production and to investigate more efficient catalysts. As a result, low-cost raw materials from non-edible resources have been investigated for the production of biodiesel [50], once the cost of the raw material is one factors that directly affects the economic viability of biodiesel production are. In fact, the cost of the raw material is one of the main and most important parameters in the production of biodiesel, as it corresponds to 80% of the total production cost [11].…”