Waste to energy: An experimental study of utilizing the agricultural residue, MSW, and e-waste available in Bangladesh for pyrolysis conversion

Abstract

The paper aims to study different aspects of liquid fuel production through pyrolysis from agricultural residues, MSW, and e-waste available in Bangladesh. The abundant production of various crops generates massive amounts of residue such as rice straw, wheat straw, rice husk, jute stick, and sugarcane bagasse in Bangladesh have great potential for liquid fuel production for pyrolysis conversion. Bangladesh produces almost 25,000 tons of solid waste per day from urban areas, and Dhaka city alone contributes to one-quarter of all urban waste in the country. The biomass and waste-derived pyrolysis fuel can be successfully used in turbines, boilers, engines and upgraded to high-quality hydrocarbon transportation fuels through distillation. The concise data obtained from the study is anticipated to provide valuable information regarding the effective utilization of municipal solid waste and agricultural residues by using pyrolysis process so that further detailed work on these resources can pave a pathway towards scientific research and significant energy contribution in Bangladesh. The feasibility study has been conducted through physical properties, proximate analysis, elemental analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis of the selected agricultural residues, municipal solid wastes, and plastic e-wastes for pyrolysis conversion in Bangladesh. It has been found that polythene has a better thermochemical potential than rice straw (13.71 MJ/ kg) owing to its high calorific value (46.41 MJ/kg). The foremost volatile matter obtained from plastic waste is 98.1 wt.%, and the minimum from rice husk is 57.19 wt.%. The maximum carbon amount is possessed by plastic waste (84.03 wt.%). The ultimate analysis showed that the MSW sample contains more sulfur content than agricultural residue and e-waste, whereas the case is the opposite in terms of oxygen. Rice husk and tire waste have the highest ash content, i.e., 19.70 and 4.38 (wt.%), respectively, indicating a significant amount of unwanted material. TGA examination of feedstock revealed that the majority of mass loss occurred between 250-450 C for agricultural residue attributed to the release of volatile materials during the formation of char and the evolution of pyrolysis gases. For MSW samples, the range varies between 350-500 C, which is the appropriate temperature for optimizing liquid oil production in plastic pyrolysis.

Biochar and bio-oil fuel properties from nickel nanoparticles assisted pyrolysis of cassava peel

“…Generally, the production of biochar and bio-oil can be conducted from different waste biomass sources such as almond shell, corn cob, rice husk, sugarcane bagasse, groundnut shell, poplar sawdust, food waste, Crofton weed, citrus peel, coffee husk, palm kernel shell, walnut shell and cassava rhizome ( Cheng et al., 2021 , 2022 ; Egbosiuba et al., 2020a ; Ifa et al., 2020 ; Islam et al., 2021 ; Kalair et al., 2021 ; Morales et al., 2021 ; Nkomo et al., 2021 ; Promraksa and Rakmak, 2020 ; Quillope et al., 2021 ; Rueangsan et al., 2021 ; Saleem, 2022 ; Selvarajoo et al., 2022 ; Soka and Oyekola, 2020b ). The quality of the biochar can be determined by physicochemical parameters such as volatile matter, percentage carbon content, fixed carbon, ash content and higher heating value (HHV).…”

An in-depth analysis and review of management strategies for E-waste in the south Asian region: A way forward towards waste to energy conversion and sustainability

“…However, only 20% of India's total E-waste is collected and recycled. Bangladesh, too, contributes to the generation of a considerable volume of electronic waste on an annual basis [ 87 ]; however, Bangladesh recycles 20% of total E-waste which is more than any other south Asian country, excluding India. Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, Afghanistan, and Myanmar have no fixed collection or recycling infrastructure, even though they produce a certain amount of E-waste each year.…”

Challenges and Opportunities in the Management of Electronic Waste and Its Impact on Human Health and Environment

“…At present, the disposal of plastic, aluminum, and rubber is problematic because the burning activity of such waste can pollute the environment, whereas this type of waste can be turned into useful products, e.g., heat, oil, gas, power, and biochar, by applying the process of pyrolysis [117,118]. Researchers have emphasized the use of thermochemical conversion technologies such as pyrolysis, incineration, and gasification techniques for waste-to-energy conversion [119]. Pyrolysis is basically a thermochemical processing technique, through which it is possible to exploit polymers in e-waste in addition to concentrating e-waste metals into a solid residue.…”