Waste Water Disposal Has Become Critical Strategic Focus Area (Russian)
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Cited by 5 publications
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Tengizchevroil (TCO) has been disposing waste water (produced and industrial) into a shallow sand aquifer for almost 20 years. Waste Water Disposal (WWD) Mining Allotment requests waste water to be contained within certain formation stratigraphically and certain "polygon" laterally. TCO is interested in maintaining high injection rates, maintaining well integrity without compromising regulatory restrictions. There were two new wells recently drilled in the area. These two wells have provided excellent opportunity to acquire core and wireline data to improve the reservoir characterization. Careful planning and preparation of operating procedures for all operations (site preparation, drilling, coring, core handling and analysis, wireline acquisition and petrophysical interpretation) led to a big success of being drilled below budget and ahead of schedule with zero incidents and injury free. Collaborative discussions with vendors on selecting appropriate equipment and pin pointing the logistic details minimized hassle and potential human error during the operations. Acquired core from key formations of interest, full suite of wireline logs and two water samples in conjunction with seismic greatly improved understanding of the depositional environment, connectivity and areal extend of numerous sand bodies, including main injection sand. Acquired MDT data confirmed the isolation between main injection interval and overlaying formations. Good quality porosity data and MDT pressure information assisted in modeling efforts to achieve more accurate aquifer size estimation and history match existing pressure data. Acquired information will also help designing a production test with electrical submersible pump (ESP) in a future well in this area. Overall, the value of acquired information exceeded expectations of all final users. The main reason for such a success is the involvement of almost all stakeholders from the well planning to execution. The well program included actions to fulfill regulatory affairs, reservoir management requisites and improve oil recovery (IOR) project needs to evaluate water sources and reservoir quality for future waterflood project.
Tengizchevroil (TCO) has been disposing waste water (produced and industrial) into a shallow sand aquifer for almost 20 years. Waste Water Disposal (WWD) Mining Allotment requests waste water to be contained within certain formation stratigraphically and certain "polygon" laterally. TCO is interested in maintaining high injection rates, maintaining well integrity without compromising regulatory restrictions. There were two new wells recently drilled in the area. These two wells have provided excellent opportunity to acquire core and wireline data to improve the reservoir characterization. Careful planning and preparation of operating procedures for all operations (site preparation, drilling, coring, core handling and analysis, wireline acquisition and petrophysical interpretation) led to a big success of being drilled below budget and ahead of schedule with zero incidents and injury free. Collaborative discussions with vendors on selecting appropriate equipment and pin pointing the logistic details minimized hassle and potential human error during the operations. Acquired core from key formations of interest, full suite of wireline logs and two water samples in conjunction with seismic greatly improved understanding of the depositional environment, connectivity and areal extend of numerous sand bodies, including main injection sand. Acquired MDT data confirmed the isolation between main injection interval and overlaying formations. Good quality porosity data and MDT pressure information assisted in modeling efforts to achieve more accurate aquifer size estimation and history match existing pressure data. Acquired information will also help designing a production test with electrical submersible pump (ESP) in a future well in this area. Overall, the value of acquired information exceeded expectations of all final users. The main reason for such a success is the involvement of almost all stakeholders from the well planning to execution. The well program included actions to fulfill regulatory affairs, reservoir management requisites and improve oil recovery (IOR) project needs to evaluate water sources and reservoir quality for future waterflood project.
Oklahoma has been at the center stage of induced seismicity. Water-disposal activities have been attributed to trigger the increasing number of seismic events. The objective of the study is to provide a simple diagnostics method and procedure for safe water-disposal operations. A comprehensive suite of scenarios and parameters has been analyzed that affect water disposal. Prognosis based on this study will lead to safe water-disposal operation without the adverse effect. A suite of reservoir models involving water injection helped understand disposal-well performance. The well operational limits correspond to disposal-zone fracture gradient. The modified-Hall analysis is employed to ascertain the point of departure from normal injection behavior. Limiting cumulative injected volumes are determined and investigated for various scenarios from simple to increasingly complex subsurface conditions. This investigation includes studying the effects of disposal-zone storativity, compartment size, conductivity, formation compressibility, heterogeneity, and natural fractures. Additionally, we explored the effects of communication with overlying producing zone, communication through completion anomaly, seal integrity and fluid complexities. This study illuminates an overall understanding of disposal-well performance through various scenario analyses. A relationship of disposal zone fracture gradient and limiting cumulative injection volume is established. For a fracture gradient of 0.7 psi/ft, this limiting pore-volume injection is less than 2%, which corresponds well with the conventional wisdom learned from CO2 injection-well performance. The relationship of disposal-zone compartment size, established with rate-transient analysis, with limiting cumulative injection volume is formulated. Analyses from the various statistical design of experiments reveal the important variables that may affect disposal-well performance. The disposal-well operation can be devised in real time using the modified-Hall analysis that can reveal the departure from normal injection-well behavior. Factors accentuating the departure from normal behavior include disposal-zone storativity, formation compressibility, and seal integrity. Situations, where pressure release through leaks or communication with an adjacent formation takes place, will naturally accommodate a larger volume of disposal water. Also, we learned that limiting cumulative injection volume and not injection rate (assuming injection pressure gradient is less than the fracture gradient) triggers a departure from normal injection behavior. Using a suite of numerical reservoir models and the reservoir-monitoring tools involving modified-Hall and rate-transient analyses led to a comprehensive understanding of disposal-well performance. This study found a relationship of fracture gradient with limiting cumulative injection volume and identified key variables affecting the disposal-well behavior. These findings led to a smart and safe disposal-well monitoring scheme, which will help disposal-well management become more economic and environmentally friendly.
Summary Oklahoma has been at center stage of induced seismicity. Water-disposal activities have been associated with triggering the increasing number of seismic events. The objective of the study is to provide a simple diagnostics method and procedure for safe water-disposal operations. A comprehensive suite of scenarios and parameters has been analyzed that affect water disposal. On the basis of this study, prognosis will lead to safe water-disposal operation without the adverse effect. A suite of reservoir models involving water injection helped understand disposal-well performance. The well operational limits correspond to disposal-zone fracture gradient. The modified Hall analysis is used to ascertain the point of departure from normal injection behavior. Limiting cumulative injected volumes are determined and investigated for various scenarios from simple to increasingly complex subsurface conditions. This investigation includes studying the effects of disposal-zone porosity, compartment size, conductivity, formation compressibility, heterogeneity, and natural fractures. In addition, we explored the effects of communication with overlying producing zone, communication through completion anomaly, seal integrity, and fluid complexities. This study illuminates an overall understanding of disposal-well performance through various scenario analyses. A relationship between disposal-zone fracture gradient and limiting cumulative injection volume is established. For a fracture gradient of 0.7 psi/ft, this limiting pore-volume (PV) injection is less than 2%, which corresponds well with the conventional wisdom learned from carbon dioxide (CO2) injection-well performance. The relationship of disposal-zone compartment size, established with rate-transient analysis (RTA), with limiting cumulative injection volume is formulated. Analyses from the various statistical design of experiments (DoEs) reveal the important variables that may affect disposal-well performance. The disposal-well operation can be devised in real time with the modified Hall analysis that can reveal the departure from normal injection-well behavior. Factors accentuating the departure from normal behavior include disposal-zone porosity, formation compressibility, and seal integrity. Situations in which pressure release through leaks or communication with an adjacent formation takes place will naturally accommodate a larger volume of disposal water. Also, we learned that limiting cumulative injection volume and not injection rate (assuming injection pressure gradient is less than the fracture gradient) triggers a departure from normal injection behavior. Using a suite of numerical reservoir models and the reservoir-monitoring tools involving modified. Hall analysis and RTA led to a comprehensive understanding of disposal-well performance. This study found a relationship of fracture gradient with limiting cumulative injection volume, and identified key variables affecting the disposal-well behavior. These findings led to a smart and safe disposal-well monitoring scheme, which will help disposal-well management become more economical and environmentally friendly.
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