Wastewater-based surveillance of COVID-19 and removal of SARS-CoV-2 RNA across a major wastewater treatment plant in San Antonio, Texas

Al-Duroobi, Haya; Vadde, Kiran Kumar; Phan, Duc; Moghadam, Sina Vedadi; Jafarzadeh, Arash; Matta, Akanksha; Giacomoni, Marcio; Kapoor, Vikram

doi:10.1039/d3va00015j

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 53 publications

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“…Previous studies have focused on the fate of viruses throughout WWTPs such as SARS‐CoV‐1 (Wang, Li, Guo, et al 2005; Wang, Li, Jin, et al 2005), pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) (Tandukar et al, 2020a), Adenovirus (Hata et al, 2013), and so forth. Since the COVID‐19 pandemic, studies have been published on virus removal from various treatment processes, including individual wastewater treatment steps (Al‐Duroobi et al, 2023), advanced treatment (Polanco et al, 2023), and across the entire treatment plant (Arora et al, 2022; Sherchan et al, 2021; Foladori et al, 2022). These studies sometimes observed virus detection even after advanced treatment in the final effluent of wastewater treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A snapshot of SARS‐CoV‐2 viral RNA throughout wastewater treatment plants in Arkansas

Long,

Loethen,

Behzadnezhad

et al. 2024

Water Environment Research

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The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) can spread the viral RNA in wastewater by the feces of those experience COVID‐19 symptoms. While wastewater monitoring of SARS‐CoV‐2 in the raw sewage has been confirmed as an effective tool to predict COVID‐19 infection, the goal of this study is to assess the presence of SARS‐CoV‐2 viral RNA throughout various wastewater treatment processes. Wastewater samples were collected from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the state of Arkansas from August 2020 to June 2021 and measured for the relative concentration of SARS‐CoV‐2 viral RNA using RT‐qPCR. The gene concentrations in the raw wastewater measured in this study were similar to other published studies, targeting the N1 and N2 genes of the virus. The viral RNA concentration was measured after each wastewater treatment step within WWTPs, including primary sedimentation, activated sludge, filtration and disinfection. Results show the most viral RNA removal occurred in the secondary treatment (activated sludge). The viral RNA was only occasionally detected after disinfection (chlorination or UV disinfection). Overall, WWTPs can remove the SARS‐CoV‐2 viral RNA at an average of 98.7%, while complete removal was achieved on 82% of the sampling days. Further investigation is required to ensure complete viral RNA removal from wastewater such as improving existing treatment process or supplementing with additional treatment steps.Practitioner Points The viral RNA of SARS‐CoV‐2 was detected in Arkansas wastewater treatment plants. SARS‐CoV‐2 was rarely detected in treated effluent from wastewater treatment plants. Activated sludge was effective removing SARS‐CoV‐2 viral RNA from wastewater. This study was limited by the direct RNA extraction from wastewater, which lowered the sensitivity of detection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A snapshot of SARS‐CoV‐2 viral RNA throughout wastewater treatment plants in Arkansas

Long,

Loethen,

Behzadnezhad

et al. 2024

Water Environment Research

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Presence, transmission, and management of the SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater: a brief review

Koza,

2024

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Exposure risks to SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) in wastewater treatment plants: a review

Zarei Mahmoudabadi,

Pasdar,

Eslami

2024

Sustain. Water Resour. Manag.

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Wastewater-based surveillance of COVID-19 and removal of SARS-CoV-2 RNA across a major wastewater treatment plant in San Antonio, Texas

Abstract: Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) targeting SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection in municipal wastewater is considered a valuable tool for COVID-19 surveillance in a community. However, the persistence and removal of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater...

Cited by 4 publications

References 53 publications

A snapshot of SARS‐CoV‐2 viral RNA throughout wastewater treatment plants in Arkansas

A snapshot of SARS‐CoV‐2 viral RNA throughout wastewater treatment plants in Arkansas

Presence, transmission, and management of the SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater: a brief review

Exposure risks to SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) in wastewater treatment plants: a review

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