Wastewater Discharge Standards in the Evolving Context of Urban Sustainability–The Case of India

Schellenberg, Tatjana; Subramanian, Vrishali; Ganeshan, Ganapathy; Tompkins, David; Pradeep, Rohini

doi:10.3389/fenvs.2020.00030

Cited by 126 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…While the use of the “PO 4 ” unit is ambiguous, the analytical test used (Spectroquant) appears to give results in units of PO 4 -P. This would indicate that the average influent concentration in this study was 36.2 mg L −1 PO 4 -P or 111 mg L −1 PO 4 3− , and the nominal average concentration in the treated clean water tank is 25.4 mg L −1 PO 4 -P or 77.9 mg L −1 PO 4 3− , 27 which would be unable to meet water reuse or discharge standards with nominal effluent P concentration limits (eg, <1 mg L −1 P in India). 36 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Pitfalls in Wastewater Phosphorus Analysis and How to Avoid Them

Rosario¹,

Viswash

Seenivasan

et al. 2021

Environ�Health�Insights

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Due to the increasing adoption of nutrient discharge regulations, many research groups are stepping into new territory with phosphorus (P) measurements. Accurate reporting of P concentrations in effluent from novel wastewater treatment technologies is critical for protecting both environmental and human health. Analysis of P in wastewater is prone to pitfalls because of the (1) variety of chemical forms of P in wastewater (orthophosphate, condensed P, and organic P), (2) availability of different chemical assays for measuring different P forms, and (3) different conventions in the units for reporting P. Here, we present a case study highlighting how these pitfalls affect analysis and interpretation of P measurements. We show that, when used appropriately, commercially-available kits are indeed accurate tools for evaluating reactive P and total P concentrations. For both standard solutions and real wastewater, we systematically remove steps from the total P protocol to show how protocol deviations affect the results. While standard solutions are important for validating analytical methods, commercially-available wastewater standard solutions only contain P as orthophosphate (reactive P). We therefore demonstrate options for making a mixed-P standard solution containing acid-hydrolyzable and/or organic P compounds that can be used to validate both reactive P and total P assays.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Pitfalls in Wastewater Phosphorus Analysis and How to Avoid Them

Rosario¹,

Viswash

Seenivasan

et al. 2021

Environ�Health�Insights

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show abstract

“…Existing Indian standards for wastewater treatment are specifically applicable only to ‘sewage treatment plants’ and subject to frequent revision. A regulatory lacuna still prevails along the non-networked sanitation service chain, including for the reuse of biosolids ( Agarwal et al, 2020 ; Schellenberg et al, 2020 ). The absence of effluent renders prefabrication a suboptimal exercise without a clear performance benchmark for researchers and industrial players to strive towards.…”

Section: Regulatory Interventions Are Imperative To Moving the Sectormentioning

confidence: 99%

Moving up the On-Site Sanitation ladder in urban India through better systems and standards

Dasgupta

Agarwal

Mukherjee

2021

Journal of Environmental Management

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Wastewater management predominantly takes the form of On-Site Sanitation (OSS) in low- and lower-middle-income countries (LMICs). In India, households construct and operate OSS systems in the absence of regulatory oversight and seldom in compliance with the national technical standards – posing a risk to water sources and public health. The present paper reviews novel evidence on the quality of these systems from a multi-state survey of 3000 households in India to identify policy and practice interventions for creating sustainable urban sanitation futures. The paper argues for local and national governments to unlock the potential of OSS as a safe and long-term wastewater management solution through (1) re-envisioning the system design to simultaneously meet household and environmental needs, (2) fostering prefabrication of systems as a means to distribute the compliance responsibility optimally, and (3) updating technical standards for facilitating such a paradigm shift.

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“…These pressures also attracted international organizations like the International Water Association and the UN to legitimize modular solutions in South Africa. Further, the qualitative data suggest that modular water technologies are already an institutionalized part of many Indian and South African cities, since decentralized and modular sanitation is a widely diffused practice in both countries (Ulrich et al 2018;Schellenberg et al forthcoming).…”

Section: Lead-market Constellation (Us)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Geography of Technology Legitimation: How Multiscalar Institutional Dynamics Matter for Path Creation in Emerging Industries

2020

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Research in economic geography has recently been challenged to adopt more institutional and multiscalar perspectives on industrial path development. This article contributes to this debate by integrating insights from (evolutionary) economic geography as well as transition and innovation studies into a conceptual framework of how path creation in emerging industries depends on the availability of both knowledge and legitimacy. Unlike the extant literature, we argue here that not only the former but also the latter may substantially depend on nonlocal sources. Conceptually, we distinguish between multiscalar export, attraction, and absorption of legitimacy. Coupled with conventional knowledge indicators, this approach enables us to reconstruct how not only external knowledge sourcing but also multiscalar institutional dynamics contribute to a region or country's ability to leverage its potential for path creation in an emerging industry. Methodologically, we develop legitimation indicators from a global media database, which was built around the case of modular water technologies. Cross-comparing the evidence from six key countries (India, Israel, Singapore, South Africa, the UK, the US) with differing path creation constellations for this emerging industry, allows us to hypothesize how multiscalar legitimation influences a country's prospects for creating a radically new industrial path.

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Wastewater Discharge Standards in the Evolving Context of Urban Sustainability–The Case of India

Cited by 126 publications

References 29 publications

Potential Pitfalls in Wastewater Phosphorus Analysis and How to Avoid Them

Potential Pitfalls in Wastewater Phosphorus Analysis and How to Avoid Them

Moving up the On-Site Sanitation ladder in urban India through better systems and standards

The Geography of Technology Legitimation: How Multiscalar Institutional Dynamics Matter for Path Creation in Emerging Industries

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