Wastewater surveillance for population-wide Covid-19: The present and future

Daughton, Christian G.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139631

Cited by 333 publications

(296 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…A study from Australia ( Ahmed et al, 2020 ) showed that the number of infected individuals in the catchment areas could be reasonably estimated by detecting the copy numbers of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the wastewater, which verified that early detection of coronavirus in wastewater might be a viable surveillance strategy for COVID-19 infections ( Daughton, 2020 ; Orive et al, 2020 ; Wu et al, 2020b ) as previously demonstrated for hepatitis A virus, norovirus ( Hellmér et al, 2014 ) and poliovirus ( Asghar et al, 2014 ; Lodder et al, 2012 ). Although there was no sufficient evidence that fecal-oral transmission of COVID-19 was viable, while there was evidence showed that SARS-CoV-2 could be easily and sustainably transmitted in the community in Shenzhen, China, because the proportion of COVID-19 patients without definite exposure from January 25 through February 5 (11%) was much higher than that before January 24 (6%) ( Liu et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 61%

Pit latrines may be a potential risk in rural China and low-income countries when dealing with COVID-19

Liu

Hou

et al. 2021

Science of The Total Environment

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According to the latest reports, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which caused coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was successfully isolated from the excreta (stool and urine) of COVID-19 patients, suggesting SARS-CoV-2 could be transmitted through excreta contaminated water. As pit latrines and the use of untreated excreta as fertilizer were common in rural China, we surveyed 27 villages of Jiangxi and Hubei provinces and found that pit latrines could be a potential source of SARS-CoV-2 water pollution. Recently, bats have been widely recognized as the source of SARS-CoV-2. There were many possible intermediate hosts of SARS-CoV-2, including pangolin, snake, bird and fish, but which one was still not clear exactly. Here, we proposed a hypothesis to illustrate the mechanism that SARS-CoV-2 might spread from the excreta of infected humans in pit latrines to potential animal hosts, thus becoming a sustainable source of infection in rural China. Therefore, we believe that abolishing pit latrines and banning the use of untreated excreta as fertilizer can improve the local living environment and effectively prevent COVID-19 and other potential waterborne diseases that could emanate from the excreta of infected persons. Although this study focused on rural areas in China, the results could also be applied to low-income countries, especially in Africa.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 61%

Pit latrines may be a potential risk in rural China and low-income countries when dealing with COVID-19

Liu

Hou

et al. 2021

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Given the trends in COVID-19 case load with the SARS-CoV-2 RNA abundance in wastewater there are several potential applications for using SARS-CoV-2 RNA wastewater data to inform public health interventions 45…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater with COVID-19 disease burden in sewersheds

Weidhaas

Aanderud

Roper

et al. 2020

Preprint

100

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The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), is shed in feces and the virus RNA is detectable in wastewater. A nine-week wastewater epidemiology study of ten wastewater facilities, serving 39% of the state of Utah or 1.26M individuals was conducted in April and May of 2020. COVID-19 cases were tabulated from within each sewershed boundary by public health partners. The virus was detectable in 61% of 126 unique wastewater samples. Urban sewersheds serving >100,000 individuals and tourist communities had higher detection frequencies of the virus RNA. An outbreak of COVID-19 across two communities correlated with an increase in SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater, while a decline in COVID-19 case counts preceded a decline in SARS-CoV-2 RNA. These results demonstrate the utility of wastewater epidemiology to assist in public health responses to COVID-19.

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“…It has been found that more than half (55%) of those tested for fecal viral RNAs were positive and noted that the virus is excreted in the feces for long periods, and in some cases, beyond negative testing or with respiratory symptoms 13 . Wastewater-Based Epidemiology (WBE) is an epidemiological tool improve predictions and assist in mitigating COVID-19 outbreaks by evaluating biomarkers in a speci c community 14 . The primary advantage is related to minimizing domino effects such as unnecessarily long stay-at-home policies that stress humans and economies alike 15 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The wastewater microbiome: A novel insight for COVID-19 surveillance

Gallardo‐Escárate

Valenzuela-Muñoz

Núñez‐Acuña

et al. 2021

Science of The Total Environment

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Wastewater-Based Epidemiology is a tool to face and mitigate COVID-19 outbreaks by evaluating conditions in a speci c community. This study aimed to analyze the microbiome pro les using nanopore technology for full-length 16S rRNA sequencing in wastewater samples collected from a penitentiary (P), a residential care home (RCH), and a quarantine or health care facilities (HCF). The HCF microbiome was strongly associated with enteric bacteria previously reported in patients with chronic disease and psychological disorders. During the study, the wastewater samples from the RCH and the P were negative for SARS-CoV-2 based on qPCRs, except during the fourth week when was detected. Unexpectedly, the wastewater microbiome from RCH and P prior to week four was correlated with the samples collected from the HCF, suggesting a core bacterial community is expelled from the digest tract of individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2. We provide novel evidence that the wastewater microbiome associated with gastrointestinal manifestations appears to precede the SARS-CoV-2 detection in sewage. This nding suggests that the wastewaters microbiome can be applied as an indicator of community-wide SARS-CoV-2 surveillance.

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Wastewater surveillance for population-wide Covid-19: The present and future

Cited by 333 publications

References 57 publications

Pit latrines may be a potential risk in rural China and low-income countries when dealing with COVID-19

Pit latrines may be a potential risk in rural China and low-income countries when dealing with COVID-19

Correlation of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater with COVID-19 disease burden in sewersheds

The wastewater microbiome: A novel insight for COVID-19 surveillance

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