Wastewater Treatment of Mariout Lake Drains Using Combined Physical, Chemical, and Biological Methods in Microcosm Experiments

Abstract

The treatment of wastewater is a must due to the decrease of clean water and the increase in the consumption of fresh water for domestic uses. This study discusses the physical, chemical, and biological treatments of water from different types of Mariout Lake drains. It also aims at a designation of appropriate wastewater treatment process for sewage water (El-Qalah drain), agriculture water (El-Umoum drain), and raw drinking water before treatment (Nubareya canal) so as to adopt an appropriate procedure to be applied as the drains discharge their wastewaters in Mariout Lake affecting its water quality as well as its fish productivity. Obtaining secure effluents for discharge in natural water bodies (El-Mex bay), or using treated effluents in agriculture or industrial purposes, is a target too, open for estimation. Alum, aeration beside two natural medicinal plants, piper nigrum (Black Pepper) and dry ginger (Zingiber officinalis), and the eukaryotic microorganism yeast, were used for treatment, in addition to the freshwater submerged macrophyte Ceratophyllum demersum.The results of the physicochemical parameters revealed that the best material for treatment in El-Qalaa sewage drain was by Alum + Aeration + Ginger + Ceratophylum demersum.The most preferable material for both the raw drinking water of Nubareya canal and El-Umoum agricultural wastewater was Alum + Aeration + Yeast + Ceratophylum demersum.Regarding the four trace metals' (Zn, Pb, Fe, and Cu) concentration treatments, the best treatment in all cases was found to be Alum + Aeration + Yeast + Ceratophylum demersum, except for Zn in El-Qalaa sewage water which had to be treated by Alum + Aeration + Ginger + Ceratophylum demersum.

Removal of Water Hardness and Some Inorganic Pollutants using Nano Marine Algae Extract Embedded in Waste Polystyrene

“…Table (2) shows that the MSWPS resin which had nano extract of marine algae (Ulva fasciata) improved the removal efficiency for Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , SO4 2-, PO4 3and Total Hardness. The same results were obtained by Tadros et al, (2019). The increased surface area of the cation exchange resulted in an improvement in the hardness treatment performance, which improved the removal efficiency of the investigated parameters.…”

Water quality assessment and phosphorus budget of a lake (Mariut, Egypt) after diversion of wastewaters effluents

“…Lake Mariut is also important at the regional and local levels, because it plays an important role in the water balance in the Delta western region, whereas without its direct drainage to the sea, the level of water would continue to rise and inundate wide areas of land (El Kafrawy et al 2018). Due to its importance, the lake has drawn great attention, particularly during the past decade (e.g., Donia 2016Donia , 2018Tadros et al 2019;Ali et al 2017;El Zokm et al, 2018;Hassaan et al 2017;Hassan and Rayis, 2018;Helal et al 2017;Nayer and Abouhassan, 2015;Tadros, 2019;El Kafrawy et al 2017;Abdel-Hamid and Galal, 2019;Alnagaawy et al 2018;Saad et al, 2017;Donia and Bahgat, 2016).…”