Water absorption of wood polypropylene composite sheet piles and its influence on mechanical properties

Tamrakar, Sandeep; Lopez-Anido, Roberto

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.04.031

Cited by 93 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Meanwhile, the greatest decrease rate for MOR was the 12%-BLVL at all temperatures. This might be due to the fact that the 12%-BLVL exhibited the highest thickness swelling rate thereby resulting in localized yielding of PF resin and loss of adhesion between bamboo fiber and PF resin (Tamrakar and Lopez-Anido 2011).…”

Section: Bending Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Water Absorption and its Influence on the Physical-Mechanical Properties of Bamboo-Bundle Laminated Veneer Lumber

Deng

et al. 2015

BioResources

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To investigate the possibility of using bamboo-bundle laminated veneer lumber (BLVL) as a cooling tower packing material, the water absorption rates, thickness swelling rates, and flexural properties of three different composite materials were studied. The BLVL was combined with either 12% or 24% phenol formaldehyde resin (PF), and the moso bamboo strips were exposed to water baths at three different temperatures (45, 65, and 85 °C) for 30 d. After the aging treatments, the 24%-BLVL samples showed lower water absorption rates and better bending properties than the other two composites. The temperature was found to have a significant effect on the modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), and the thickness swelling rate. As the temperature increased, the swelling rate and the rate of weight gain increased and the MOE and MOR decreased. According to the activation energies for swelling calculated from the Arrhenius-type plots, compared with the 24%-BLVL (22.95 kJ·mol -1 ) and the moso bamboo strips (12.69 kJ·mol -1 ), the effect of temperature on the swelling rate was greatest for the 12%-BLVL (24.15 kJ·mol -1 ). Results showed that the BLVL material is a promising candidate for a novel cooling tower packing material.

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Section: Bending Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Water Absorption and its Influence on the Physical-Mechanical Properties of Bamboo-Bundle Laminated Veneer Lumber

Deng

et al. 2015

BioResources

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“…18 When water molecules infiltrate into the composite, the wood flour tends to swell, resulting in localized yielding of the polymer matrix and loss of adhesion between the wood flour and matrix. 18,36,37 Furthermore, the addition of MAPP about 3 wt% is close to optimal for MOR, based on the regression fit. Because MAPP acts as a compatibilizer providing a hydrophobic-rich layer attached to wood flour.…”

Section: Effect Of Composition On Thickness Swelling and Optimal Formmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With moisture wood flour plasticizes, becoming ductile, this decreased the stiffness of composites. 36 Figure 7 shows the optimal formulation based on the special cubic models for MOE and a desirability score combining their outputs. The optimal formulation is also included in Table 7.…”

Section: Effect Of Composition On Flexural Modulus and Optimal Formulmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing the formulation of polypropylene and rubberwood flour composites for moisture resistance by mixture design

Homkhiew

Ratanawilai

Thongruang

2014

Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites

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D-optimal mixture experimental design was used to determine the optimal mixture of composites from rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis) flour and recycled polypropylene and to systematically analyze the effects of composition, namely recycled polypropylene, rubberwood flour, maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene, and ultraviolet stabilizer fractions. Panel samples were extruded, and their properties were characterized. The overall compositions significantly affected water absorption, thickness swelling, flexural strength and modulus, and maximum strain. Water absorption and thickness swelling increased with the fraction of rubberwood flour. At long immersion times, flexural strength and modulus decreased, but maximum strain increased with high fraction of rubberwood flour. The fraction of maleic anhydridegrafted polypropylene only slightly affected water absorption and flexural properties, while the ultraviolet stabilizer fraction had a clear negative effect increasing water absorption and decreasing flexural properties. The models fitted were used for optimization of a desirability score, substituting for the multiple objectives modeled. The optimal formulation found was 68.9 wt% recycled polypropylene, 25.0 wt% rubberwood flour, 5.0 wt% maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene, 0.1 wt% ultraviolet stabilizer, and 1.0 wt% lubricant. This formulation of the composites can be used for most suitable applications based on the moisture resistance.

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“…Before starting the test, all specimens were placed in an oven at 50 ± 1 °C for 24 h, followed by immersion in the deionized water at 21 °C. Readings were after 1h, 4h, 9h, 16h, 25h et al until the test end since the initial part of water absorption versus √ plot is fairly linear (Tamrakar et al 2011). The specimens were periodically removed from the water and wiped off with blotting paper to measure the weight, and then replaced in the water.…”

Section: Water Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fickian diffusion is suitable for describing water absorption behavior (Espert et al 2004;Adhikary et al 2008;Zabihzadeh et al 2010;Tamrakar et al 2011). As such, the diffusion coefficient (Dx) was calculated using the following equation, …”

Section: Water Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Bamboo Charcoal on Water Absorption, Contact Angle, and the Physical-Mechanical Properties of Bamboo/Low-Density Polyethylene Composites

Chen¹,

Zhang²,

Wang³

et al. 2016

BioResources

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The use of bamboo charcoal (BC) was investigated as a filler in bambooplastic composites (BPCs) to achieve improved water resistance, physical-mechanical properties, and reduced hydrophilicity. The influence of the BC content and size on the water absorption, contact angle, density, and mechanical properties of bamboo flour/low-density polyethylene (LDPE) composites was tested. Scanning electron microscopy was used to analyse fractured and flat composite surfaces. The results indicated that the BC increased water resistance, achieving optimal results at 8% content. The BC particles that ranged in size from 60 to 100 mesh were more water-resistant than other sized BC. The water contact angle increased with an increase in the BC content or a decrease in the particle size. These results indicated that BC reduced the composite hydrophilicity and that the smaller BC particles improved this effect. The BC strongly connected with the LDPE composites, and the BC contents below 12% improved the flexural properties and increased the density of the BPCs. Also, the impact strength of the BPCs decreased dramatically with a decrease in the BC particle size. These results demonstrated that the integration of BC with BPCs resulted in strengthened water resistance and physical-mechanical properties and reduced hydrophilicity. Bamboo and Rattan and Technology of State Forestry Administration, Beijing, China, 100102; b: Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Wood Industry and Furniture Engineering, Chengdu, China, 611130; * Corresponding author: qindc@icbr.ac.cn Keywords INTRODUCTIONBamboo is an important natural resource that grows faster than trees and is stronger than wood (Jiang 2007). Bamboo-plastic composites (BPCs) are manufactured via hot pressing and extrusion or injection moulding using thermoplastics and bamboo instead of wood (Yeh et al. 2009;Wu et al. 2013). BPCs are widely used in decorations, outdoors, and as non-structural components of buildings (Xian et al. 2015) because they are biodegradable, renewable, and environmentally friendly materials (Zhou et al. 2015a). However, the interface between the polar, hydrophilic bamboo fibres and the non-polar, hydrophobic low-density polyethylene (LDPE) is weak, which leads to the formation of many gaps and pores between the two materials. This incompatibility results in poor mechanical properties and renders the composites vulnerable to water penetration and fungal attack (Hosseinihashemi et al. 2011;Mbarek et al. 2013). Bamboo fibre processing (Li et al. 2013) and coupling agent addition (Tran et al. 2013) are widely used PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLE bioresources.com Chen et al. (2016). "Bamboo/PE composites," BioResources 11(4), 9986-10001. 9987techniques for improving the compatibility of plant fibres and polymers. Another method of eliminating gaps is filler addition, which is a simple and low-cost way to effectively improve the composite morphology and mechanical properties. Nanofillers (Deka and Maji 2012), glass fibres (Zolfaghari et al. 2013), and carb...

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Water absorption of wood polypropylene composite sheet piles and its influence on mechanical properties

Cited by 93 publications

References 14 publications

Evaluation of Water Absorption and its Influence on the Physical-Mechanical Properties of Bamboo-Bundle Laminated Veneer Lumber

Evaluation of Water Absorption and its Influence on the Physical-Mechanical Properties of Bamboo-Bundle Laminated Veneer Lumber

Optimizing the formulation of polypropylene and rubberwood flour composites for moisture resistance by mixture design

The Effect of Bamboo Charcoal on Water Absorption, Contact Angle, and the Physical-Mechanical Properties of Bamboo/Low-Density Polyethylene Composites

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