Water activity, temperature, and pH effects on growth of <i>Fusarium moniliforme</i> and <i>Fusarium proliferatum</i> isolates from maize

Marı́n, Sonia; Sanchís, V.; Magan, Naresh

doi:10.1139/m95-149

Cited by 180 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Many fungal pathogens in animals and plants respond positively to elevated temperatures [48][49][50][51], and ocean warming is predicted to favour pathogens for many marine diseases [2]. At our study location, CFD displayed a dramatic (14-fold) increase in occurrence on the forereef during an El Niñ o in association with sustained seawater temperatures well above the long-term climatological mean.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Ocean warming and acidification have complex interactive effects on the dynamics of a marine fungal disease

et al. 2014

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Diseases threaten the structure and function of marine ecosystems and are contributing to the global decline of coral reefs. We currently lack an understanding of how climate change stressors, such as ocean acidification (OA) and warming, may simultaneously affect coral reef disease dynamics, particularly diseases threatening key reef-building organisms, for example crustose coralline algae (CCA). Here, we use coralline fungal disease (CFD), a previously described CCA disease from the Pacific, to examine these simultaneous effects using both field observations and experimental manipulations. We identify the associated fungus as belonging to the subphylum Ustilaginomycetes and show linear lesion expansion rates on individual hosts can reach 6.5 mm per day. Further, we demonstrate for the first time, to our knowledge, that ocean-warming events could increase the frequency of CFD outbreaks on coral reefs, but that OA-induced lowering of pH may ameliorate outbreaks by slowing lesion expansion rates on individual hosts. Lowered pH may still reduce overall host survivorship, however, by reducing calcification and facilitating fungal bio-erosion. Such complex, interactive effects between simultaneous extrinsic environmental stressors on disease dynamics are important to consider if we are to accurately predict the response of coral reef communities to future climate change.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Ocean warming and acidification have complex interactive effects on the dynamics of a marine fungal disease

et al. 2014

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“…• C (Marin et al, 1995;Brennan et al, 2005). Consequently, the number of days with an average moisture of >90% was considered over the 6 months covering the trials (beginning of May until the end of October) as well as the number of days with rain showers of >5 mm (spore release).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower mycotoxin levels in Bt maize grain

Folcher

Délos²,

Marengue³

et al. 2010

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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-Mycotoxins produced by Fusarium spp. during plant cultivation induce severe diseases in animal and humans. In 2007 a European Union regulation set maximum concentrations of mycotoxins in maize and derivatives of 4000 ppb for fumonisins B 1 and B 2 , 1750 ppb for deoxynivalenol, and 350 ppb for zearalenone. To assess the safety of French maize food, investigations are currently being carried out by the national Biological Risk Monitoring network. Here, 84 plots were cropped with the Bt maize MON 810 and its isogenic non-Bt counterpart in 2005 and 2006 in Southwestern France. Mycotoxin levels were measured in grain at harvest. Fumonisins B 1 and B 2 , deoxynivalenol, and zearalenone were analysed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The data were analysed statistically using non-parametric tests for mycotoxins and analysis of variance for weather variables. As the climate was homogenous inside the experimental area, the transgenic event introduced into the maize was the only key parameter which differed between Bt and non-Bt maize plots. Our results show that Bt maize decreased concentrations of fumonisins by 90% and zearalenone by 50%, whereas the concentration of deoxynivalenol was slightly increased. Those findings suggest a competition among Fusarium species that produce fumonisins or trichothecenes. According to the European regulation, 93% of the Bt maize crops can be sold, compared with only 45% for non-Bt maize plots. Our results thus show that Bt maize improved food safety by greatly reducing mycotoxin levels in field crops in Southwestern France.Bt MON810 maize / fumonisins B 1 and B 2 / deoxynivalenol / zearalenone / Regulation 1126/2007

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“…Many studies have been made of the effects of single or two environmental factors on the growth of moulds but relatively few studies have investigated three or four factors and their interactions. Marín et al (1995) evaluated the effects of temperature, pH and a w on the growth of Fusarium spp. and demonstrated interactions between all three factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of temperature, pH, water activity and CO2 concentration on growth of Rhizopus oligosporus NRRL 2710

et al. 2002

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Aims: To investigate the effects of temperature, pH, water activity (a w ) and CO 2 concentration on the growth of Rhizopus oligosporus NRRL 2710. Methods and Results: Hyphal extension rates from mycelial and spore inocula were measured on media with different a w ($ 1AE0, 0AE98 and 0AE96) and pH (3AE5, 5AE5 and 7AE5) incubated at 30, 37 or 42°C in atmospheres containing 0AE03, 12AE5 or 25% (v/v) CO 2 . The effects of environmental conditions on hyphal extension rate were modelled using surface response methodology. The rate of hyphal extension was very sensitive to pH, exhibiting a pronounced optimum at pH 5AE5-5AE8. The hyphal extension rate was less sensitive to temperature, a w or CO 2 , exhibiting maximum rates at 42°C, a w $ 1AE0 and 0AE03% (v/v) CO 2 . Conclusions: The fastest hyphal extension rate (1AE7 mm h )1 ) was predicted to occur at 42°C, pH 5AE85, a w $ 1AE0 and 0AE03% CO 2 .Significance and Impact of the Study: The present work is the first to model the simultaneous effects of temperature, pH, a w and CO 2 concentration on mould growth. The information relates to tempe fermentation and to possible control of the microflora in Tanzanian cassava heap fermentations.

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Water activity, temperature, and pH effects on growth of Fusarium moniliforme and Fusarium proliferatum isolates from maize

Cited by 180 publications

References 17 publications

Ocean warming and acidification have complex interactive effects on the dynamics of a marine fungal disease

Ocean warming and acidification have complex interactive effects on the dynamics of a marine fungal disease

Lower mycotoxin levels in Bt maize grain

Effects of temperature, pH, water activity and CO2 concentration on growth of Rhizopus oligosporus NRRL 2710

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