Water-Air Spray Cooling of Extruded Profiles: Process Integrated Heat Treatment of the Alloy EN AW-6082

Nowak, M.; Golovko, O.; Nürnberger, Florian; Frolov, Yaroslav; Schaper, Mirko

doi:10.1007/s11665-013-0563-6

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…2c). In case of fours nozzles and tubes with a diameter of 20 mm, a distance of 40 mm from a nozzle nose to the normal plane of the tube surface should ensure a complete covering of the whole cross-section with the water-air mixture [23]. Depending on the cooling intensity, all steel phases (with exception of retained austenite due to a low content of carbon) can be expected.…”

Section: Austenite Decomposition During Spray Coolingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manufacturing and Virtual Design to Tailor the Properties of Boron-Alloyed Steel Tubes

Hordych

Herbst

Nürnberger

et al. 2020

Virtual Design and Validation

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Application of products with properties locally adapted for specific loads and requirements has become widespread in recent decades. In the present study, an innovative approach to manufacture tubes with tailored properties in the longitudinal direction from a boron-alloyed steel 22MnB5 was developed. Due to advanced heating and cooling strategies, a wide spectrum of possible steel phase compositions can be obtained in tubes manufactured in a conventional tube forming line. A heat-treatment station placed after the forming line is composed of an inductive heating and an adapted water-air cooling spray system. These short-action processes allow fast austenitizing and subsequent austenite decomposition within several seconds. To describe the effect of high inductive heating rates on austenite formation, dilatometric investigations were performed in a heating rate range from 500 K s-1 to 2500 K s-1. A completed austenitizing was observed for the whole range of the investigated heating rates. The austenitizing was described using Johnson-Mehl-Avrami model. Furthermore, series of experiments on heating and cooling with different cooling rates in the developed technology line was carried out. Complex microstructures were obtained for the cooling in still as well as with compressed air, while the water-air cooling at different pressures resulted in quenched martensitic microstructures. Nondestructive testing of the mechanical properties and the phase composition was realized by means of magnetization measurements. Logarithmic models to predict the phase composition and hardness values from the magnetic properties were obtained. Subsequently, a simulation model allowing virtual design of tubes in the FE-software ANSYS was developed on basis of experimental data. The model is suited to predict microstructural and mechanical properties under consideration of the actual process parameters.

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Section: Austenite Decomposition During Spray Coolingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manufacturing and Virtual Design to Tailor the Properties of Boron-Alloyed Steel Tubes

Hordych

Herbst

Nürnberger

et al. 2020

Virtual Design and Validation

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“…Spray cooling quenching is an up-and-coming method of quenching Al-Mg-Si alloys. By adjusting the pressure ratio of air to water, the final temperature of the profile can have a wide adjustment range which can minimize the temperature gradient of the complex profiles and reduce the deformation of the profile [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wetting layer evolution and interfacial heat transfer in water-air spray cooling process of hot metallic surface

Ning

Zou

et al. 2022

THERM SCI

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Spray cooling experiments on the hot metallic surfaces with different initial temperatures were performed. This paper adopts a self-developing program which is based on the inverse heat transfer algorithm to solve the interfacial heat transfer coefficient and heat flux. The temperature-dependent interfacial heat transfer mechanism of water-air spray cooling is explored according to the wetting layer evolution taken by a high-speed camera and the surface cooling curves attained by the inverse heat transfer algorithm. Film boiling, transition boiling, and nucleate boiling stages can be noticed during spray cooling process of hot metallic surface. When the cooled surface?s temperature drops to approximately 369?C - 424?C; the cooling process transfers into the transition boiling stage from the film boiling stage. The wetting regime begins to appear on the cooled surface, the interfacial heat transfer coefficient and heat flux begin to increase significantly. When the cooled surface?s temperature drops to approximately 217?C - 280?C, the cooling process transfers into the nucleate boiling stage. The cooled surface was covered by a liquid film, and the heat flux begins to decrease significantly.

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“…In addition to the shape, several mechanisms, i.e., grain refinement, strain hardening, solid solution strengthening, and precipitation hardening, increase the strength of Al alloy tubes, depending on the production process used, e.g., hot extrusion. Besides the alloy used, the temperatures and amount of plastic deformation applied during manufacturing have an impact on the mechanical properties of Al alloy tube and thus, have to be considered [4]. Work hardening by cold plastic deformation increases the strength of the material, Metals 2021, 11, 744 2 of 11 which can be attributed mainly to an increase in dislocation density [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Influence of Process Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of Extruded Aluminum Tubes by Cyclic Indentation Tests

Görzen

Schäfke

Blinn

et al. 2021

Metals

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Given the complex process condition, extruded aluminum (Al) alloy tubes show locally pronounced differences in microstructure and mechanical properties, which can be influenced by subsequent heat treatment. In the present study, cyclic indentation tests (CITs) were conducted on extruded Al alloy EN AW-6082 to locally determine hardness and cyclic hardening potential, which was complemented with light optical microscopy. To analyze the influence of extrusion process and subsequent heat treatment, the EN AW-6082 tubes investigated were manufactured with extrusion ratios Ψ of 13:1 and 22:1, both in as-extruded and T6 heat-treated conditions. The results obtained for the as-extruded state showed significant differences of the local mechanical properties and demonstrated that an increased Ψ leads to higher hardness, caused by more pronounced plastic deformation during the manufacturing process. Moreover, an increase of hardness and cyclic hardening potential was observed after a T6 heat treatment, which also reduced the difference in hardness between the different extrusion ratios. Additionally, the pronounced local differences in hardness and cyclic hardening potential correlated with the local microstructure. The results demonstrated that CITs enable the analysis of local mechanical properties of extruded EN AW-6082 profiles, resulting from different extrusions ratios as well as subsequent heat treatment.

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Water-Air Spray Cooling of Extruded Profiles: Process Integrated Heat Treatment of the Alloy EN AW-6082

Cited by 12 publications

References 6 publications

Manufacturing and Virtual Design to Tailor the Properties of Boron-Alloyed Steel Tubes

Manufacturing and Virtual Design to Tailor the Properties of Boron-Alloyed Steel Tubes

Wetting layer evolution and interfacial heat transfer in water-air spray cooling process of hot metallic surface

Investigating the Influence of Process Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of Extruded Aluminum Tubes by Cyclic Indentation Tests

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