Water Analysis: Emerging Contaminants and Current Issues

Richardson, Susan D.; Ternes, Thomas A.

doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04640

Cited by 135 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 249 publications

(365 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, analyte coverage has recently expanded by enhanced detection of Cl, Br, I, S, and P. − However, simultaneous detection of F and Cl has remained a significant challenge using this technique, while the need for such a capability has steadily risen. In particular, F and Cl appear in a sizable fraction of xenobiotics including pharmaceuticals , and environmental contaminants, making elemental speciation a desirable technology for quantitative nontargeted studies in these areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Resolution Elemental Mass Spectrometry Using LC-ICP-Nanospray-Orbitrap for Simultaneous and Species-Independent Quantitation of Fluorinated and Chlorinated Compounds

et al. 2022

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Simultaneous elemental detection of F and Cl offers quantitation of fluorinated and chlorinated compounds and their transformation products without compound-specific standards. Despite wide-ranging applications, this capability has been hindered by fundamental and technical shortcomings of current inductively coupled plasma (ICP)-MS methods in ion formation and isobaric interference elimination. These hurdles are alleviated here via a chemical ionization method. Fluorine and chlorine in analytes are first converted to HF and HCl by an ICP with post-plasma recombination and subsequently react with barium-containing ions supplied by a nanospray, yielding BaF + and BaCl + as elemental reporter ions. Notably, the method is readily interfaced to an Orbitrap MS which eliminates isobaric interferences at resolving powers as low as 35,000, far greater than that of current ICP−MS instruments. Moreover, the instrument is easily reverted to the ESI-MS mode for complementary molecular characterization. To demonstrate analytical capabilities, a workflow for rapid quantitation of compounds separated by reversed-phase liquid chromatography is developed using a species-independent calibration. The independent F and Cl measurements agree with each other, providing recoveries of >90% and LODs of 8−12 pmol Cl and 5− 12 pmol F on the column. The workflow along with LC-ESI-MS on the same instrument is then applied to identify and quantify invitro drug metabolites, yielding total drug-related material recoveries of >80% and quantitation of minor metabolites summing to 8% of the total drug-related compounds. These results highlight the strengths of simultaneous F and Cl speciation for rapid quantitation with applications in early drug development.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Resolution Elemental Mass Spectrometry Using LC-ICP-Nanospray-Orbitrap for Simultaneous and Species-Independent Quantitation of Fluorinated and Chlorinated Compounds

et al. 2022

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“…One example is contaminants of emerging concerns (CECs), such as endocrine disruptors, pharmaceuticals and personal care products, perfluorinated compounds, microplastics and antibiotic resistance genes, which can induce profound impacts on the public and ecological environment and thus pose a substantial pressure on water treatment plants. 157–162 Traditional solutions such as pre-oxidation with KMnO 4 , NaClO, O 3 , and ferrate, membrane filtration and the ozone-biological activated carbon process have been explored to degrade EPOCs, yet these processes not only consume considerable energy but also cause secondary pollution ( e.g. , the formation of disinfection by-products).…”

Section: On-site Php For Water Remediationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide in water: a promising on-site strategy for water remediation

Chu

Wang

Deng

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol.

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“…The bibliography on emerging chemical contaminants is particularly abundant and many analytical, biological, toxicological, ecotoxicological, and environmental topics are of interest to the scientific community. In particular, the presence, occurrence, transport of emerging contaminants in the water resources, and their impact on water quality are documented in thousands of publications reported worldwide during the last two decades, demonstrating an increasing concern about them (see for example the selected references: Patel et al 2019Patel et al , 2020Reichert et al 2019;Routti et al 2019;Starling et al 2019;de Oliveira et al 2020;García et al 2020;Gibson 2020;Iroegbu et al 2020;Khan et al 2020;Kovalakova et al 2020;Olaniyan et al 2020;Rigueto et al 2020;Sousa et al 2020;Wang and Zhuan 2020;Hartmann et al 2021;Pastorino and Ginebreda 2021;Yusuf et al 2021;Richardson and Ternes 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Worldwide cases of water pollution by emerging contaminants: a review

et al. 2022

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Water contamination by emerging contaminants is increasing in the context of rising urbanization, industrialization, and agriculture production. Emerging contaminants refers to contaminants for which there is currently no regulation requiring monitoring or public reporting of their presence in our water supply or wastewaters. There are many emerging contaminants such as pesticides, pharmaceuticals, drugs, cosmetics, personal care products, surfactants, cleaning products, industrial for-mulations and chemicals, food additives, food packaging, metalloids, rare earth elements, nanomaterials, microplastics, and pathogens. The main sources of emerging contaminants are domestic discharges, hospital effluents, industrial wastewaters, runoff from agriculture, livestock and aquaculture, and landfill leachates. In particular, effluents from municipal wastewater treatment plants are major contributors to the presence of emerging contaminants in waters. Although many chemicals have been recently regulated as priority hazardous substances, conventional plants for wastewater and drinking water treat-ment were not designed to remove most emerging contaminants. Here, we review key examples of contamination in China, Portugal, Mexico, Colombia, and Brazil. Examples include persistent organic pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls, dibenzofurans, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers, in lake and ocean ecosystems in China; emerging contaminants such as alkylphenols, natural and synthetic estrogens, antibiotics, and antidepressants in Portuguese rivers; and pharmaceuticals, hormones, cosmetics, personal care products, and pesticides in Mexican, Brazilian, and Colombian waters. All continents are affected by these contaminants. Wastewater treatment plants should therefore be upgraded, e.g., by addition of tertiary treatment systems, to limit environmental pollution.

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Water Analysis: Emerging Contaminants and Current Issues

Cited by 135 publications

References 249 publications

High-Resolution Elemental Mass Spectrometry Using LC-ICP-Nanospray-Orbitrap for Simultaneous and Species-Independent Quantitation of Fluorinated and Chlorinated Compounds

High-Resolution Elemental Mass Spectrometry Using LC-ICP-Nanospray-Orbitrap for Simultaneous and Species-Independent Quantitation of Fluorinated and Chlorinated Compounds

Photosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide in water: a promising on-site strategy for water remediation

Worldwide cases of water pollution by emerging contaminants: a review

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