Water and nitrogen fertilization management in light of climate change: impacts on food security and product quality

Fernandes, A.P.G.; Machado, J.A.T.; Fernandes, Tania; Vasconcelos, Marta W.; Carvalho, S.M.P.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822916-3.00013-5

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 157 publications

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“…We found that in intensive olive orchards N fertilization levels play an extremely important role in the resultant oil quality, whereas P and K are less important. Controlled N fertilization of olive orchards and of many other crops has recently been reviewed, highlighting the vast effects on the environment and food security 23 . Considering climate change, the impact of decreased water availability and quality and the influence of N fertilization on crop yield and product quality of agronomic crops, an excessive N crop supply might lead to a detrimental environmental impact, reinforcing the need for precise strategies that allow an optimal water and N management adjusted to the specific crop requirements (species, cultivars, and stage of development).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to its possible nutritional importance, linolenic acid content is a parameter for determining the authenticity of olive oil in the Codex Alimentarius, with a maximum level set at 0.9%. The PP and tocopherols – natural bitter and pungent compounds that are often also considered as natural antioxidants (secoiridoid derivatives and vitamins E) – protect PUFA from oxidation 18,19 and positively contribute to consumer health 9,11,20‐23 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PP and tocopherolsnatural bitter and pungent compounds that are often also considered as natural antioxidants (secoiridoid derivatives and vitamins E)protect PUFA from oxidation 18,19 and positively contribute to consumer health. 9,11,[20][21][22][23] Free fatty acid (FFA) content is a primary parameter for olive oil quality, determining its market value and its suitability for human consumption. Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is classified as such when its FFA content is less than 0.8%, whereas non-edible olive oil contains above 3.3% FFA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PP and tocopherols – natural bitter and pungent compounds that are often also considered as natural antioxidants (secoiridoid derivatives and vitamins E) – protect PUFA from oxidation 18 , 19 and positively contribute to consumer health. 9 , 11 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of macronutrient fertilization on olive oil composition and quality under irrigated, intensive cultivation management

et al. 2022

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BACKGROUND Intensive olive (Olea europaea L.) orchards are fertilized, mostly with the macronutrients nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). The effects of different application levels of these nutrients on olive oil composition and quality were studied over 6 years in a commercial intensively cultivated ‘Barnea’ olive orchard in Israel. RESULTS Oil quality and composition were affected by N, but not P or K availability. Elevated N levels increased free fatty acid content and reduced polyphenol level in the oil. Peroxide value was not affected by N, P or K levels. The relative concentrations of palmitoleic, linoleic and linolenic fatty acids increased with increasing levels of N application, whereas that of oleic acid, monounsaturated‐to‐polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio and oleic‐to‐linoleic ratio decreased. CONCLUSION These results indicate that intensive olive orchard fertilization should be carried out carefully, especially where N application is concerned, to avoid a decrease in oil quality due to over‐fertilization. Informed application of macronutrients requires leaf and fruit analyses to establish good agricultural practices, especially in view of the expansion of olive cultivation to new agricultural regions and soils. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of macronutrient fertilization on olive oil composition and quality under irrigated, intensive cultivation management

et al. 2022

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“…Nitrogen-based synthetic fertilizer production through the Haber–Bosch process consumes more than 1% of the world’s total energy generated, using about 2% of the natural gas extracted and emitting more than 300 million metric tons of carbon dioxide [ 1 ]. In addition, applying N-based fertilizers to crops has led to a global nitrogen cycle disturbance, illustrated by the increasing eutrophication of land and water bodies, greenhouse gas emissions, and biodiversity losses, particularly of soil microbial communities [ 2 , 3 ]. In 2050, the world’s population is predicted to increase to around 10 billion, with consequent increases in the demand for food and agricultural expansion [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploiting the Potential of Bioreactors for Creating Spatial Organization in the Soil Microbiome: A Strategy for Increasing Sustainable Agricultural Practices

et al. 2022

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Industrial production of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers and their crop application have caused considerable environmental impacts. Some eco-friendly alternatives try to solve them but raise some restrictions. We tested a novel method to produce a nitrogen bioinoculant by enriching a soil microbial community in bioreactors supplying N2 by air pumping. The biomass enriched with diazotrophic bacteria was diluted and applied to N-depleted and sterilized soil of tomato plants. We estimated microbial composition and diversity by 16S rRNA metabarcoding from soil and bioreactors at different run times and during plant uprooting. Bioreactors promoted the N-fixing microbial community and revealed a hided diversity. One hundred twenty-four (124) operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were assigned to bacteria with a greater Shannon diversity during the reactor’s steady state. A total of 753 OTUs were found in the rhizospheres with higher biodiversity when the lowest concentration of bacteria was applied. The apparent bacterial abundance in the batch and continuous bioreactors suggested a more specific functional ecological organization. We demonstrate the usefulness of bioreactors to evidence hidden diversity in the soil when it passes through bioreactors. By obtaining the same growth of inoculated plants and the control with chemical synthesis fertilizers, we evidence the potential of the methodology that we have called directed bioprospecting to grow a complex nitrogen-fixing microbial community. The simplicity of the reactor’s operation makes its application promising for developing countries with low technological progress.

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Exploring tomato phenotypic variability under combined nitrogen and water deficit

et al. 2023

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Background Despite drought and nitrogen (N) deficit being two of the most important crops’ growth limiting factors, only few studies have explored tomato phenotypic variability in response to both abiotic stresses. Aims In this study, we aimed to perform a phenotypic evaluation and an analysis of the growth traits of 40 tomato genotypes (mostly focusing on old cultivars, but also including modern hybrids and wild tomato relatives’ accessions as anchors) grown in pots that were subjected to combined N and water deficit. Methods Each genotype was divided into two groups: control (100% N, 100% field capacity) and combined deficit (20% N, 50% field capacity). A total of 14 morpho-physiological traits were evaluated and further analyzed using multivariate statistical methods. Results The Principal Component Analyses revealed considerable phenotypical diversity among tomato genotypes, with four principal components explaining 82% of the variability. Data integration on a cluster analysis separated the studied genotypes into three distinct clusters based on their ability to handle the combined deficit. Tolerance was associated with traits such as lower specific leaf area, lower leaf area ratio and higher water use efficiency, comparing to the sensitive genotypes. Conclusions This study shows that tomato tolerance to combined N and water deficit largely varies between genotypes and that old cultivars represent a valuable gene pool towards more sustainable food production systems.

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Water and nitrogen fertilization management in light of climate change: impacts on food security and product quality

Cited by 8 publications

References 157 publications

Effect of macronutrient fertilization on olive oil composition and quality under irrigated, intensive cultivation management

Effect of macronutrient fertilization on olive oil composition and quality under irrigated, intensive cultivation management

Exploiting the Potential of Bioreactors for Creating Spatial Organization in the Soil Microbiome: A Strategy for Increasing Sustainable Agricultural Practices

Exploring tomato phenotypic variability under combined nitrogen and water deficit

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