Water and nitrogen management influence on oil and protein concentration in maize

Hammad, Hafiz Mohkum; Abbas, Farhat; Ahmad, Ashfaq; Farhad, Wajid; Wilkerson, Carol Jo; Hoogenboom, Gerrit

doi:10.1002/agj2.21275

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…High C/N ratio of BC we used reduces the mineralization of organic N ( Shen et al., 2021 ). Nitrogen is a crucial component required for the synthesis of cereal protein and oil ( Zhang et al., 2020 ; Hafiz et al., 2023 ), and after plants absorb nitrogen, it is transported to the growth center organs in large quantities. The nitrogen stored in the vegetative organs during the early stage of growth begins to move outward shortly after flowering and is transported to the developing ear or grain ( Ren et al., 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the impact of biochar and nitrogen application on yield, water-nitrogen use efficiency and quality of intercropped maize and soybean

Wang

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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IntroductionBiochar (BC) and nitrogen (N) application have the potential to increase grain yield and resource use efficiency in intercropping systems. However, the effects of different levels of BC and N application in these systems remain unclear. To address this gap, the study is intended to ascertain the impact of various combinations of BC and N fertilizer on the performance of maize-soybean intercropping and determine the optimum application of BC and N for maximizing the effect of the intercropping system.MethodsA two-year (2021-2022) field experiment was conducted in Northeast China to assess the impact of BC (0, 15, and 30 t ha-1) and N application (135, 180, and 225 kg ha-1) on plant growth, yield, water use efficiency (WUE), N recovery efficiency (NRE) and quality in an intercropping system. Maize and soybean were selected as materials in the experiment, where every 2 rows of maize were intercropped with 2 rows of soybean.Results and discussionThe results showed that the combination of BC and N significantly affected the yield, WUE, NRE and quality of intercropped maize and soybean. The treatment of 15 t ha-1 BC and 180 kg ha-1 N increased grain yield and WUE, while that of 15 t ha-1 BC and 135 kg ha-1 N enhanced NRE in both years. Nitrogen promoted the protein and oil content of intercropped maize, but decreased the protein and oil content of intercropped soybean. BC did not enhance the protein and oil content of intercropped maize, especially in the first year, but increased maize starch content. BC was found to have no positive impact on soybean protein, but it unexpectedly increased soybean oil content. The TOPSIS method revealed that the comprehensive assessment value first increased and then declined with increasing BC and N application. BC improved the performance of maize-soybean intercropping system in terms of yield, WUE, NRE, and quality while N fertilizer input was reduced. The highest grain yield in two years was achieved for BC of 17.1-23.0 t ha-1 and N of 156-213 kg ha-1 in 2021, and 12.0-18.8 t ha-1 BC and 161-202 kg ha-1 N in 2022. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the growth of maize-soybean intercropping system and its potential to enhance the production in northeast China.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the impact of biochar and nitrogen application on yield, water-nitrogen use efficiency and quality of intercropped maize and soybean

Wang

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…In context of soil-plant nitrogen transport, well-designed irrigation and fertilization strategies can minimize soil NO 3 − –N leaching and accumulation while enhancing crop nitrogen absorption ( Azad et al., 2020 ). Water-saving and nitrogen-reduction measures significantly reduce soil NO 3 − –N leaching compared with high water and high nitrogen and increase plant biomass and nitrogen uptake ( Cong et al., 2021 ; Mohkum et al., 2023 ). Irrigation with 120 mm of water coupled with nitrogen application of 180 kg·ha −1 can increase nitrogen content in the stems and leaves as well as promote nitrogen uptake by summer cotton plants, maximizing the total aboveground nitrogen uptake of summer cotton ( Si et al., 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the regulatory effects of water and nitrogen supply on nitrogen transport and distribution in wolfberry fields

Tian,

Wang,

Yin

et al. 2024

Front. Plant Sci.

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Resource-based water shortages, uncoordinated irrigation, and fertilization are prevalent challenges in agricultural production. The scientific selection of appropriate water and fertilizer management methods is important for improving the utilization efficiency of agricultural resources and alleviating agricultural non-point source pollution. This study focused on wolfberry and compared the effects of four irrigation levels [full irrigation (W0, 75%–85% θf), slight water deficit (W1, 65%–75% θf), moderate water deficit (W2, 55%–65% θf), and severe water deficit (W3, 45%–55% θf)] and four nitrogen application levels [no nitrogen application (N0, 0 kg·ha−1), low nitrogen application (N1, 150 kg·ha−1), medium nitrogen application (N2, 300 kg·ha−1), and high nitrogen application (N3, 450 kg·ha−1)] on soil nitrate nitrogen (NO3−–N) transport, plant nitrogen allocation, and soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions during the harvest period of wolfberry. And this study used CRITIC-entropy weights-TOPSIS model to evaluate 16 water and nitrogen regulation models comprehensively. The results revealed the following: (1) The NO3−–N content of the soil decreased with increasing horizontal distance from the wolfberry. It initially decreased, then increased, and finally decreased with an increase in soil depth. The average NO3−–N content in the 0–100 cm soil layer ranged from 3.95–13.29 mg·kg−1, indicating that W0 > W1, W2, W3, and N3 > N2 > N1 > N0. (2) The soil NO3−–N accumulation ranged from 64.45–215.27 kg·ha−1 under varying water and nitrogen levels, demonstrating a decreasing trend with increasing horizontal distance. The NO3−–N accumulation at each horizontal distance increased with increasing irrigation and nitrogen application. The NO3−–N accumulation of W0N3 treatment increased by 5.55%–57.60% compared with the other treatments. (3) The total nitrogen content and nitrogen uptake in all wolfberry organs were W1 > W0 > W2 > W3, and N2 > N3 > N1 > N0. The maximum total nitrogen content and nitrogen uptake in W1N2 treatment were 3.25% and 27.82 kg·ha−1 in the roots, 3.30% and 57.19 kg·ha−1 in the stems, 3.91% and 11.88 kg·ha−1 in the leaves, and 2.42% and 63.56 kg·ha−1 in the fruits, respectively. (4) The emission flux and total emission of N2O increased with increasing irrigation and nitrogen application. The emission flux exhibited a transient peak (116.39–177.91 ug·m−2·h−1) after irrigation. The intensity of N2O emissions initially decreased and then increased with an increase in the irrigation amount. It also initially increased with increasing nitrogen application amount, then decreased, and finally increased again. The maximum emission intensity was observed under the W3N3 treatment (0.23 kg·kg−1). The N2O emission coefficients ranged from 0.17%–0.39%, in the order of W0 > W1 > W2 > W3 (except for N1) and N1 > N2 > N3. (5) Under varying water and nitrogen concentrations, N2O emission flux showed a positive linear correlation with soil pore water content and NO3−–N content and a negative linear correlation with soil temperature. The comprehensive evaluation revealed that a slight water deficit (65%–75% θf) combined with medium nitrogen application (300 kg·ha−1) decreased soil NO3−–N leaching, increased nitrogen uptake, and reduced N2O emission. These findings can serve as a reference for improving the efficiency and reducing emissions of wolfberry in the Yellow River irrigation region of Gansu Province and in similar climate zones.

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“…The application of nitrogenous fertilizer in smallholder farming systems within this region is severely constrained, reported by FAOSTAT (2023) at 4%. The effect of soil nitrogen on maize grain yield, composition and quality has been extensively investigated by numerous researchers ( Worku et al, 2012 ; Biswas and Ma, 2016 ; Zhang et al, 2020 ; Ertiro et al, 2022 ; Ndlovu et al, 2022 ; Hammad et al, 2023 ). Although findings have varied, there is a consensus on the existence of genotypic differences in grain yield and composition among tropical maize genotypes grown under diverse management conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linkage mapping and genomic prediction of grain quality traits in tropical maize (Zea mays L.)

Ndlovu,

Kachapur,

Beyene

et al. 2024

Front. Genet.

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The suboptimal productivity of maize systems in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is a pressing issue, with far-reaching implications for food security, nutrition, and livelihood sustainability within the affected smallholder farming communities. Dissecting the genetic basis of grain protein, starch and oil content can increase our understanding of the governing genetic systems, improve the efficacy of future breeding schemes and optimize the end-use quality of tropical maize. Here, four bi-parental maize populations were evaluated in field trials in Kenya and genotyped with mid-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Genotypic (G), environmental (E) and G×E variations were found to be significant for all grain quality traits. Broad sense heritabilities exhibited substantial variation (0.18–0.68). Linkage mapping identified multiple quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the studied grain quality traits: 13, 7, 33, 8 and 2 QTLs for oil content, protein content, starch content, grain texture and kernel weight, respectively. The co-localization of QTLs identified in our research suggests the presence of shared genetic factors or pleiotropic effects, implying that specific genomic regions influence the expression of multiple grain quality traits simultaneously. Genomic prediction accuracies were moderate to high for the studied traits. Our findings highlight the polygenic nature of grain quality traits and demonstrate the potential of genomic selection to enhance genetic gains in maize breeding. Furthermore, the identified genomic regions and single nucleotide polymorphism markers can serve as the groundwork for investigating candidate genes that regulate grain quality traits in tropical maize. This, in turn, can facilitate the implementation of marker-assisted selection (MAS) in breeding programs focused on improving grain nutrient levels.

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Water and nitrogen management influence on oil and protein concentration in maize

Cited by 6 publications

References 52 publications

Assessing the impact of biochar and nitrogen application on yield, water-nitrogen use efficiency and quality of intercropped maize and soybean

Assessing the impact of biochar and nitrogen application on yield, water-nitrogen use efficiency and quality of intercropped maize and soybean

Investigation of the regulatory effects of water and nitrogen supply on nitrogen transport and distribution in wolfberry fields

Linkage mapping and genomic prediction of grain quality traits in tropical maize (Zea mays L.)

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