Water and Nitrogen Productivity of Maize under Semiarid Environments

Hammad, Hafiz Mohkum; Ahmad, Ashfaq; Abbas, Farhat; Farhad, Wajid; Córdoba, Bernardo Chaves; Hoogenboom, Gerrit

doi:10.2135/cropsci2013.05.0291

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…This suggested that the effect of limited water on DM is negligible during the early growth stages but significant at late vegetative and reproductive stages. These findings are in agreement with results of other studies [45][46][47]. In general, at early growth stages, young plants are less affected by water stress with little to no effect on yield.…”

Section: Dry Matter Yieldsupporting

confidence: 93%

Effect of Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilization Strategies on Silage Corn Grown in Semi-Arid Conditions

et al. 2018

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In water-scarce regions, high yield and improved water use efficiency (WUE) of crops can be obtained if water and nitrogen (N) are properly applied. While water and N have been the subject of research worldwide, studies are needed to advance our understanding on the complexity of their interaction. A field experiment was conducted at the University of Wyoming Powell Research and Extension Center in 2014 and 2015 growing seasons to determine the effect of irrigation water and N on growth, dry matter (DM) yield, and WUE of silage corn (Zea mays L.) grown under on-surface drip irrigation (ODI). The experiment was laid out as a randomized complete block design in split-plot arrangement with three replications. Irrigation was the main treatment and included 100ETc (100% crop evapotranspiration), 80ETc, and 60ETc. Nitrogen was the sub-treatment and included 0, 90, 180, 270, and 360 kg N ha−1 as urea-ammonium-nitrate solution Results showed that irrigation water, N, and application timing significantly affected growth and DM yield, especially at late vegetative and mid reproductive growth stages. At harvest (R4), no significant difference was observed between 180 kg N ha−1 and 270 kg N ha−1 on DM yield and WUE. However, significant differences of DM yield were observed between irrigation treatments, and 100ETc and 80ETc did not differ in WUE. Our findings suggest that 100ETc and 180 kg N ha−1 is the best combination for high yielding corn for silage grown in a semi-arid climate under ODI.

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Section: Dry Matter Yieldsupporting

confidence: 93%

Effect of Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilization Strategies on Silage Corn Grown in Semi-Arid Conditions

et al. 2018

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“…Flower development, which requires photosynthate, may cease or be delayed if there is a decrease in photosynthate or if photosynthate is not delivered because of plant water stress (Saini and Westgate, 2000; Tang and Boyer, 2013). Previous researchers have shown that a water deficit at flowering stage can reduce the growth rate of silks, which results in a delay in silking and a decrease in silking rate for the maize population (Hammad et al, 2015; NeSmith and Ritchie, 1992a; Oury et al, 2015; Schoper et al, 1986). However, Herrero and Johnson (1981) reported that water deficit at the tasseling stage did not influence the timing of anthesis in maize.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flowering Characteristics and Yield of Maize Inbreds Grown for Hybrid Seed Production under Deficit Irrigation

Wang

Tong

Kang³

et al. 2017

Crop Science

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The study of crop response to deficit irrigation is important for reducing agricultural water use in arid areas. Two experiments were conducted in an arid region of northwestern China in 2014 and 2015 to investigate the responses of the flowering characteristics (pollen shed by male inbreds, silk emergence of female inbreds) and yield components of maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines to deficit irrigation at the vegetative (V) and flowering (F) stages. There were five irrigation treatments in each year, which were combinations of full irrigation (Stage 2), 50% of full irrigation (Stage 1), and no irrigation (Stage 0) at vegetative (V2, V1, V0) and flowering stages (F2, F1, F0). Results showed that kernel number (KN) ear−1 had significant positive correlations with the total number of exposed silks ear−1 (SNX), seed‐set capacity (SC), silking rate ear−1 (ke), silking rate of the female population (kf), and total pollen density at ear height (TPD) but that KN ear−1 had a significant negative correlation with the anthesis–silking interval (ASI). Water deficit at vegetative or flowering stages reduced SNX, kf, ke, SC, and TPD. Water deficit at flowering stage increased ASI. Water deficit at both stages decreased KN ear−1 and seed yield. There were no significant differences in pollen viability and kernel weight in any of the irrigation treatments. Treatment at V1F2 had no significant effects on flowering characteristics, KN ear−1, or seed yield; however, it reduced the irrigation amount by 26% over the two stages. Thus, V1F2 is recommended as an optimum regime for limited irrigation in this region.

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“…In an earlier study, Westgate and Boyer (1986) reported that ψ w in leaves fell down up to −1.1 MPa under water deficit conditions, but under normal conditions, ψ w of maize hybrid remained −0.78 MPa (Medici, Machado, Azevedo, & Pimentel, 2003). Likewise, in a recent research, Hammad et al (2015) reported that ψ w significantly increased from −0.86 to −0.56 MPa by enhancing N fertilizer application with optimal irrigation regimes. In this study, under water deficit conditions, ψ w decreased and N application was able to overcome this deficit of ψ w up to 300 kg ha −1 .…”

Section: Water Relation In Plantmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…It was gradually reduced by decreased irrigation water and N fertilizer. Likewise, Hammad et al (2015) also concluded that application of 525 mm irrigation water with 250 kg N ha −1 resulted ψ p 0.34 MPa.…”

Section: Water Relation In Plantmentioning

confidence: 97%

Offsetting land degradation through nitrogen and water management during maize cultivation under arid conditions

et al. 2018

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The best management of soil, irrigation, and crop nutrients is among major components of sustainable agriculture that reduces groundwater contamination, prevents soil degradation, and guarantees the best resource use efficiency. Trials were conducted to optimize maize (Zea mays L.) yield by experimenting various irrigation water regimes, nitrogen (N) application rates, and methods in 96 pots under arid environmental conditions during autumn 2012. Crop hydrological and agronomic characteristics were assessed under a completely randomized design with factorial arrangements. Water and N stress to the plants under observation significantly reduced the water potential, osmotic potential, and turgor pressure of the leaves. Crop growth rate and total dry matter production were significantly improved by an increase in N fertilizer application up to 300 kg ha−1 (equivalent to 4.8 g N pot−1) for all water regimes. Grain per cob, 1,000‐grain weight, and final grain yield were higher at 100% field capacity with the application of 300 kg N ha−1 under the soil N application method than those under foliar N application treatments. The best N rate for optimum grain production was attained by 300 kg ha−1 with 575‐mm supplemental irrigation water ha−1. The quadratic equation fitting revealed that the effect of N on crop growth parameters was higher than that of the supplemental irrigation; therefore, a water deficit may partly be managed by adding N to the soil. These water and N managements may be used in formulating agricultural practices to avoid degradation of lands for soil and environmental conditions similar to those of the current study warranting a field research.

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Water and Nitrogen Productivity of Maize under Semiarid Environments

Cited by 29 publications

References 50 publications

Effect of Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilization Strategies on Silage Corn Grown in Semi-Arid Conditions

Effect of Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilization Strategies on Silage Corn Grown in Semi-Arid Conditions

Flowering Characteristics and Yield of Maize Inbreds Grown for Hybrid Seed Production under Deficit Irrigation

Offsetting land degradation through nitrogen and water management during maize cultivation under arid conditions

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