Water and Salt Migration with Phase Change in Saline Soil during Freezing and Thawing Processes

Wu, Daoyong; Zhou, Xiangyang; Xingyuan, Jiang

doi:10.1111/gwat.12605

Cited by 50 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…According to the survey conducted by Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2014 [2], the saline-alkali cultivated land in the Xinjiang irrigation area accounts for 37.72% of the cultivated land in the irrigation area, with an average annual increase in saline-alkali cultivated land of 0.26%, with soil salinization becoming an increasingly serious problem. Freezing and thawing is a unique mechanism of soil salinization in seasonal freeze-thaw areas [3]; strong freeze-thaw action drives the water to migrate to the frozen surface of the soil surface, resulting in salt migration and accumulation from groundwater and deep soil layers to the surface layers [4]. It has been found that the rate of salt accumulation caused by soil freezing-thawing was about 30%, and the annual salt accumulation rate of submembrane drip irrigation was about 14%, in the absence of irrigation to achieve salt leaching during the non-growth period [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Winter Irrigation Effects on Soil Moisture, Temperature and Salinity, and on Cotton Growth in Salinized Fields in Northern Xinjiang, China

Liu

et al. 2020

Sustainability

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Winter irrigation affected the movement of soil moisture, temperature, and salt, which was an effective improvement measure widely used in seasonal freeze–thaw areas. In this paper, we investigated the effects of different salinized cotton fields (mild salinization (S1), 5.15 g·kg−1; moderate salinization (S2), 8.17 g·kg−1; severe salinization (S3), 11.15 g·kg−1) and different winter irrigation rates (W0, 0 m3·hm-2; W1, 3000 m3·hm-2; W2, 3600 m3·hm-2; W3, 4200 m3·hm-2) on soil moisture, temperature, salinity, and cotton growth in seasonal freeze–thaw areas. The results showed that the winter irrigation affected the temporal and spatial dynamics of soil moisture, temperature, and salinity, and the winter irrigation rate and degree of soil salinization were significantly correlated with soil moisture, temperature, and salinity (p < 0.01). Winter irrigation stabilized the soil temperature and reduced the freeze–thaw index of the soil. The heat conservation effect of winter irrigation increased with increasing winter irrigation rate and salinization degree, with the greatest effect on the freezing index of S2 and on the thawing index of S3. The soil water content and total salt concentration before spring tillage were significantly correlated with winter irrigation rate and degree of soil salinization (p < 0.05), and when the winter irrigation quota of different salinized cotton fields was greater than 3600 m3·hm-2, the moisture content of soil layer 0–100cm increased by more than 20%, and the desalination reached over 40%, compared with the values before winter irrigation. Winter irrigation improved the emergence rate and yield of cotton, with the soil salinization degree being significantly negatively correlated and winter irrigation rate significantly positively correlated with the emergence rate and yield of cotton fields in the following year (p < 0.01). Compared with the control treatment without winter irrigation, the average increases in cotton yield were W3 (53.32%) > W2 (45.00%) > W1 (29.36%). There was no significant difference in seedling emergence rate or yield between slightly and moderately salinized cotton fields under high winter irrigation rates (W2 and W3) (p > 0.05), although the seedling emergence rate and yield of severely salinized cotton fields increased significantly with increasing winter irrigation rate. In conclusion, winter irrigation proved to be a valuable treatment for severely salinized cotton fields, and the results of this study allowed us to determine the optimal winter irrigation rate for saline alkali cotton fields.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Winter Irrigation Effects on Soil Moisture, Temperature and Salinity, and on Cotton Growth in Salinized Fields in Northern Xinjiang, China

Liu

et al. 2020

Sustainability

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“…Frozen soil layers sever the soil water exchange between the upper soil and groundwater before thawing is complete 9 ; therefore, soil salinisation during the spring does not depend on the groundwater level. In contrast, other studies reported that salt along with soil water moved towards the frozen layer and salinity increased in the frozen layer 10 , 11 . Then, the intensively incremental occurrence of salinity within the topsoil resembled an ‘eruption’ of salinity during the spring thawing period 12 , 13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

The effects of soil freeze–thaw processes on water and salt migrations in the western Songnen Plain, China

Qin

Bai

Chen

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Seasonally freeze-thaw (FT) processes affect soil salinisation in cold and arid regions. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms behind soil salinisation during winter and spring is crucial for management strategies effectively alleviating this. This study aimed to explore the soil FT characteristics and their influences on soil water and salt migrations to clarify the underlying mechanism of the springtime soil salinisation in the western Songnen Plain, China. The spatiotemporal distributions of soil water and salt, frozen depths and soil temperatures were examined at depths of 0–200 cm in three typical landscapes (farmland, Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel (LT) grassland and alkali-spot (AS) land) from October 2015 to June 2016. Results indicated that the strongest freezing process occurred in AS land, which was characterised by the deepest frost depth (165 cm) and highest freezing rate (3.58 cm/d), followed by LT grassland, and then farmland. The freeze-induced upward redistribution and enrichment of soil water and salt caused the rise and expansion of the soil salification layer, which was the main source of explosive accumulations of surface salt in springtime. Therefore, the FT processes contributed to the surface soil salinisation and alkalisation. Landscapes also affected soil water and salt migrations during FT processes, with the trend being AS land > LT grassland > farmland.

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“…However, it is not easy to quantify the relationship between soil evaporation and salt accumulation due to the complex coupling effects between soil water and salt movement under freeze-thaw conditions and the limitations of monitoring instruments. For instance, the existence of salt depresses the soil freezing point and thus influences soil water movement and evaporation (Wu, Zhou, & Jiang, 2018).…”

Section: Core Ideasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil evaporation and its impact on salt accumulation in different landscapes under freeze–thaw conditions in an arid seasonal frozen region

Sheng

Huang

Ren

et al. 2021

Vadose Zone Journal

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Soil evaporation and its associated processes are vital for agricultural production and ecosystems in seasonal frozen regions. However, soil evaporation and its impact on salt accumulation in different landscapes during freeze-thaw periods have not been well elucidated. In this study, field experiments were carried out to investigate soil evaporation and salt accumulation patterns in three typical landscapes-namely, cropland, woodland, and natural land-in an arid seasonal frozen region located in the upper reaches of the Yellow River basin from November 2018 to April 2019. The results indicated the highest soil evaporation occurred on natural land with a total amount of 148.5 mm during the freeze-thaw period from 2018 to 2019, whereas woodland had the smallest soil evaporation of 56.9 mm. Over 75% of soil evaporation occurred during the thawing stage for all three landscapes. The average daily evaporation was below 1 mm d-1 for the whole freeze-thaw period and was 0.1 mm d-1 for the stable freezing stage. Compared with humidity and wind speed, temperature and soil water content had a greater impact on soil evaporation. At the end of the thawing stage, the salt content in the topsoil (0-10 cm) layer increased significantly with an increasing rate of 70-225%. Salt concentrations in the topsoil were significantly and linearly related to the cumulative soil evaporation during the freeze-thaw period. The current research is expected to provide implications for water management and salinity control in the upper reaches of the Yellow River basin and in other arid regions with similar conditions.

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Water and Salt Migration with Phase Change in Saline Soil during Freezing and Thawing Processes

Cited by 50 publications

References 22 publications

Winter Irrigation Effects on Soil Moisture, Temperature and Salinity, and on Cotton Growth in Salinized Fields in Northern Xinjiang, China

Winter Irrigation Effects on Soil Moisture, Temperature and Salinity, and on Cotton Growth in Salinized Fields in Northern Xinjiang, China

The effects of soil freeze–thaw processes on water and salt migrations in the western Songnen Plain, China

Soil evaporation and its impact on salt accumulation in different landscapes under freeze–thaw conditions in an arid seasonal frozen region

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