Water and Sanitation Infrastructure Failures and the Microbiological and Chemical Safety of Water in a Community Bordering a Regional Landfill

Heaney, Christopher D.; Wing, Steve; Wilson, Sacoby; Campbell, Robert L.; Caldwell, David J.; Hopkins, Barbara; O'Shea, Shannon; Yeatts, Karin

doi:10.1289/isee.2011.01350

Cited by 21 publications

(39 citation statements)

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“…Measuring proximity to an environmental hazard is a crude measure for exposure in environmental inequality studies [10]. However, the proximity approach is advocated because: (1) Research suggests there are psychological, community health, and economic risks from being proximate to an environmental hazard [74,75]; and (2) proximity is one of the best proxies available when unable to assess actual exposure [10,11]. Under these assumptions, research on air- [21,76] and land-based [11] environmental hazards typically use critical distances between one and three miles to a hazard in assessments of disparate proximity.…”

Section: Dependent Variablementioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired Water Hazard Zones: Mapping Intersecting Environmental Health Vulnerabilities and Polluter Disproportionality

Liévanos

2018

IJGI

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This study advanced a rigorous spatial analysis of surface water-related environmental health vulnerabilities in the California Bay-Delta region, USA, from 2000 to 2006. It constructed a novel hazard indicator—“impaired water hazard zones’’—from regulatory estimates of extensive non-point-source (NPS) and point-source surface water pollution, per section 303(d) of the U.S. Clean Water Act. Bivariate and global logistic regression (GLR) analyses examined how established predictors of surface water health-hazard exposure vulnerability explain census block groups’ proximity to impaired water hazard zones in the Bay-Delta. GLR results indicate the spatial concentration of Black disadvantage, isolated Latinx disadvantage, low median housing values, proximate industrial water pollution levels, and proximity to the Chevron oil refinery—a disproportionate, “super emitter”, in the Bay-Delta—significantly predicted block group proximity to impaired water hazard zones. A geographically weighted logistic regression (GWLR) specification improved model fit and uncovered spatial heterogeneity in the predictors of block group proximity to impaired water hazard zones. The modal GWLR results in Oakland, California, show how major polluters beyond the Chevron refinery impair the local environment, and how isolated Latinx disadvantage was the lone positively significant population vulnerability factor. The article concludes with a discussion of its scholarly and practical implications.

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Section: Dependent Variablementioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired Water Hazard Zones: Mapping Intersecting Environmental Health Vulnerabilities and Polluter Disproportionality

Liévanos

2018

IJGI

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“…CBPR is defined as “a collaborative approach to research that involves all partners in the research process and identifies the unique strengths that each brings…it begins with a research topic of importance to the community and has the aim of combining knowledge with action and achieving social change” [ 17 ]. It has been used successfully in previous community-driven research to address environmental injustice in communities impacted by industrial hog farming in eastern North Carolina [ 18 , 19 ]; traffic and asthma issues in New York [ 20 ], landfill issues in underserved communities of color in North Carolina [ 21 , 22 ], and issues with oil refineries in California [ 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, research has demonstrated that communities often benefit from partnerships with academic institutions, and that these partnerships have resulted in positive community process outcomes [ 25 ] including community empowerment and capacity-building such as the partnership between the West End Revitalization Association (WERA) and faculty and students from the University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 22 , 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In many instances, the partnership can result in the residents organizing to voice their concerns, document experiences, and participate in the recovery process [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 22 , 26 , 27 ] such as residents working with researchers from the USC and Tulane University to address community and worker issues associated with the train derailment and chlorine spill in Graniteville, SC, USA in January 2005 [ 28 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Critical Review of an Authentic and Transformative Environmental Justice and Health Community — University Partnership

Wilson

Campbell

Dalemarre

et al. 2014

IJERPH

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Distressed neighborhoods in North Charleston (SC, USA) are impacted by the cumulative effects of multiple environmental hazards and expansion of the Port of Charleston. The Low Country Alliance for Model Communities (LAMC) built an environmental justice partnership to address local concerns. This case study examines the process of building and sustaining a successful transformative and authentic community-university partnership. We apply the framework established by Community-Campus Partnerships for Health (CCPH), focusing on four of the nine principles of Good Practice of Community Campus Partnerships.

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“…The magnitude of waterborne disease attributable to contaminants in U.S. private wells is thought to be substantial but is not well quantified. Previous U.S. studies have sought to quantify microbial pathogen concentrations in private wells and in CWSs that use undisinfected groundwater ( Allevi et al 2013 ; Borchardt et al 2003 ; DeSimone and Hamilton 2009 ; Sandhu et al 1979 ; Sworobuk et al 1987 ), and a few studies have sought to establish relationships between self-reported health outcomes and microbial contaminant concentrations in drinking water ( Borchardt et al 2012 ; Heaney et al 2013 ; Macler and Merkle 2000 ; Raina et al 1999 ; Uhlmann et al 2009 ; Wedgworth and Brown 2013 ). However, to our knowledge, no U.S. study has provided county-level estimates of the burden of acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI) attributable to microbial contaminants in private wells for an entire state.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing Emergency Department Visits for Acute Gastrointestinal Illnesses in North Carolina (USA) by Extending Community Water Service

DeFelice

Johnston

Gibson

2016

Environ Health Perspect

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Background:Previous analyses have suggested that unregulated private drinking water wells carry a higher risk of exposure to microbial contamination than regulated community water systems. In North Carolina, ~35% of the state’s population relies on private wells, but the health impact associated with widespread reliance on such unregulated drinking water sources is unknown.Objectives:We estimated the total number of emergency department visits for acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI) attributable to microbial contamination in private wells in North Carolina per year, the costs of those visits, and the potential health benefits of extending regulated water service to households currently relying on private wells for their drinking water.Methods:We developed a population intervention model using 2007–2013 data from all 122 North Carolina emergency departments along with microbial contamination data for all 2,120 community water systems and for 16,138 private well water samples collected since 2008.Results:An estimated 29,400 (95% CI: 26,600, 32,200) emergency department visits per year for acute gastrointestinal illness were attributable to microbial contamination in drinking water, constituting approximately 7.3% (95% CI: 6.6, 7.9%) of all AGI-related visits. Of these attributable cases, 99% (29,200; 95% CI: 26,500, 31,900) were associated with private well contamination. The estimated statewide annual cost of emergency department visits attributable to microbiological contamination of drinking water is 40.2 million USD (95% CI: 2.58 million USD, 193 million USD), of which 39.9 million USD (95% CI: 2.56 million USD, 192 million USD) is estimated to arise from private well contamination. An estimated 2,920 (95% CI: 2,650, 3,190) annual emergency department visits could be prevented by extending community water service to 10% of the population currently relying on private wells.Conclusions:This research provides new evidence that extending regulated community water service to populations currently relying on private wells may decrease the population burden of acute gastrointestinal illness.Citation:DeFelice NB, Johnston JE, Gibson JM. 2016. Reducing emergency department visits for acute gastrointestinal illnesses in North Carolina (USA) by extending community water service. Environ Health Perspect 124:1583–1591; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP160

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Water and Sanitation Infrastructure Failures and the Microbiological and Chemical Safety of Water in a Community Bordering a Regional Landfill

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Impaired Water Hazard Zones: Mapping Intersecting Environmental Health Vulnerabilities and Polluter Disproportionality

Impaired Water Hazard Zones: Mapping Intersecting Environmental Health Vulnerabilities and Polluter Disproportionality

A Critical Review of an Authentic and Transformative Environmental Justice and Health Community — University Partnership

Reducing Emergency Department Visits for Acute Gastrointestinal Illnesses in North Carolina (USA) by Extending Community Water Service

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