Water and thermal management for Ballard PEM fuel cell stack

Yu, Xiumin; Zhou, Biao; Sobiesiak, Andrzej

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.01.030

Cited by 109 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Several models have been proposed in the literature for the evaluation of the required energy. [41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] These models are based on a series of assumptions that are commonly adopted for the calculations: the cell is assumed to operate in steady state; cathode and anode inflow and outflow streams are considered mixtures of ideal gases; the temperature of the cell is assumed uniform due to its high thermal conductivity; and, finally, product water is assumed to be either in liquid or gaseous phase. In this work, the water produced by the oxygen reduction reaction will be assumed to be in liquid phase, so that the enthalpy of reaction to be used is the higher heating value.…”

Section: Cell Temperature 60mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since water is assumed to be produced in liquid phase, the higher heating value must be used in the evaluation of E TH = H HHV / 2F. [41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] Note that the ratio between the electrical power, W ELEC , and the theoretical heat of reaction, Q TH , also given by the ratio between the cell voltage, V, and the thermoneutral voltage, E TH , is the so-called voltage efficiency of the cell η = W ELEC /Q TH = V/E TH .…”

Section: Cell Temperature 60mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of the Influence of Temperature and Gas Humidity on the Performance Stability of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells

Sánchez¹,

Ruiu²,

Friedrich³

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Adequate water management represents one of the main challenges in the design and operation of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. In this work, the influence of inlet gas humidification on cell performance is investigated by in-situ current density measurements obtained using the segmented cell approach. Particular attention is paid to the combined effect of cell temperature and relative humidity of the anode and cathode feed streams. When operated at 80 • C and low humidity conditions, the cell is seen to undergo a severe voltage decline that is not observed at 60 • C. The analysis shows that the variation with temperature of the water uptake rate of the gaseous streams plays a key role in determining the observed differences in performance stability. In the case of 60 • C operation, the water uptake rate of the cathode stream at 50% inlet relative humidity is roughly 30% of its value at 80 • C at the same humidification level, resulting in a significantly lower drying capacity. A simple balance of water model, able to explain the observed cell behavior, is finally presented and discussed. Energy demand has become one of the most serious concerns of modern society due to the problems related with greenhouse gas emissions and the depletion of fossil fuels. In this context, hydrogen is expected to play an important role as future energy vector, with polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) being the leading candidates to provide efficient and clean electric energy conversion during the XXI century. Recently, significant progress has been made toward meeting the challenging cost and performance targets required for the widespread use of PEMFCs, specifically in the automotive industry. 1The state-of-the-art of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell technology is based on perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) polymer membranes operating at a typical temperature between 60• C and 80 • C. 2 Since the ionic conductivity of PFSA membranes depends on the water content of the membrane, 3,4 water management is one of the most important issues for successful operation, high performance, and good durability of PEMFCs. Excess inlet gas humidification as well as condensation processes within the cell are likely to produce the accumulation of liquid water in the porous electrodes and gas diffusion media (effect known as flooding), thereby decreasing cell performance. On the other hand, an insufficient level of gas humidification lowers the ionic conductivity of the membrane and also results in a performance reduction.Numerous studies have investigated the operation of PEMFC under dry conditions in order to simplify operation. 5,6 Early work to demonstrate stable performance for PEMFC using dry or slightly humidified gases has been reported by Büchi et al. 5 Strategies for operating polymer electrolyte fuel cells include also the reduction of humidification of both reactant gases 7-10 or the dry operation of the cathode 11,12 or anode 13 sides. In the last decade, a wide variety of diagnostic and visualization tools have b...

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Section: Cell Temperature 60mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cell Temperature 60mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Influence of Temperature and Gas Humidity on the Performance Stability of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells

Sánchez¹,

Ruiu²,

Friedrich³

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In [3] a nodal network approach is used to model the thermal behaviour of a 150 W PEM-FC. In [4], both the sensible and the latent heat are taken into account to model the thermal dynamics of a Ballard PEM-FC stack. In [5], a 3-D nodal modelling approach is used and implemented using parallel computing in order to have an accurate result by dividing the stack in several nodes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal modelling approach and model predictive control of a water-cooled PEM fuel cell system

Rojas

Ocampo‐Martínez

Kunusch

2013

IECON 2013 - 39th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society

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Abstract-In this paper, a modular thermal modelling approach for a water-cooled Proton Exchange Membrane fuel cell (PEM-FC) stack is proposed. The resultant model is based on the heat flux inside the stack and has been validated in a real test station. Then, a linear model predictive control (MPC) strategy for temperature regulation is designed and tested in simulation with promising results. The proposed MPC controller not only tackles the temperature regulation problem, but also incorporates necessary management constraints for the proper operation of the system in real conditions.

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“…Berning and Djilali [32] presented a computational fluid dynamics multiphase model of a PEM fuel cell that accounted for three-dimensional (3D) transport processes with phase change and heat transfer in the gas diffusion layers, the gas flow channels, and the cooling channels. Yu et al [33] developed a dynamic water and thermal management model for a Ballard PEMFC stack. Shimpalee et al [34,35] present a threedimensional numerical simulation of the transient response of a PEM fuel cell (PEMFC) subjected to a variable load.…”

Section: Background and Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quasi-three dimensional dynamic model of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell for system and controls development

Mueller

Brouwer

Kang

et al. 2007

Journal of Power Sources

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Water and thermal management for Ballard PEM fuel cell stack

Cited by 109 publications

References 27 publications

Analysis of the Influence of Temperature and Gas Humidity on the Performance Stability of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells

Analysis of the Influence of Temperature and Gas Humidity on the Performance Stability of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells

Thermal modelling approach and model predictive control of a water-cooled PEM fuel cell system

Quasi-three dimensional dynamic model of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell for system and controls development

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