Water Application Scheduling by Pan Evaporation for Drip-irrigated Tomato

Locascio, S. J.; Smajstrla, A. G.

doi:10.21273/jashs.121.1.63

Cited by 36 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…During 2002, irrigation quantities were 34.4 cm with 10 kPa and 31.2l cm with 25 kPa and total marketable yield was unaffected by water treatment. In past work, maximum yields were produced with water quantities between 0.5 and 1.0 pan (Locascio and Smajstrla, 1996). In 2002, fruit yields were higher from plants that received CaSO 4 than from plants that received CaCl 2 or reduced K. This suggests the K rate was below the plants' requirements for optimal fruit production, and the reduction in K application in the higher irrigation 2002 season than in 2001 caused a reduction in marketable yield (Locascio et al, 1997).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blossom-end Rot Incidence of Tomato as Affected by Irrigation Quantity, Calcium Source, and Reduced Potassium

Taylor¹,

Locascio²,

Alligood³

2004

HortSci

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`Equinox' tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were grown during the springs of 2001 and 2002 with black polyethylene-mulch and drip irrigation on an Arredondo fine sand in Gainesville, Fla., to study the influence of water quantity, Ca source, and reduced K on incidence of blossom-end rot (BER), marketable fruit yield, and fruit and leaf Ca concentration. Tensiometers were used to schedule irrigation in main plots when the soil matric potential reached 10 or 25 kPa. Subplot nutritional treatments were no added Ca, Ca(NO3)2, Ca thiosulfate, CaCl2, CaSO4, and K rate reduced by 50%. Interactions between year and treatment were significant. During 2001, total marketable yields were higher with Ca(NO3)2 or CaCl2 compared to plants that received Ca thiosulfate and were higher from plants irrigated at 10 kPa than irrigated at 25 kPa. Number and weight of BER fruit were lower with Ca(NO3)2 and reduced K than with no added Ca and CaSO4. Leaf and fruit Ca concentrations were generally higher with Ca(NO3)2 compared to all other nutritional treatments. Leaf and fruit Ca concentrations were generally higher from plants irrigated at 10 kPa than at 25 kPa. The reduction of NH4+-N, by the supply of N as NO3-, and the addition of supplemental Ca reduced the incidence of BER, and increased the leaf and fruit Ca concentrations. During 2002, marketable yields were higher with CaSO4 than with CaCl2 and reduced K. Weight and number of BER fruit were lower with irrigation at 10 kPa than at 25 kPa. Leaf and fruit Ca concentrations were higher or similar from plants that received Ca(NO3)2 than with all other nutritional treatments. During the 2002 season, rainfall was less and temperatures and daily evapotranspiration (ET) were higher than in the 2001 season. In the 2002 season, 3.28 × 106 L·ha-1 of irrigation was applied as compared to 1.58 × 106 L·ha-1 in 2001. With an average Ca concentration of 76 mg·L-1 in the irrigation water, much more Ca was applied during the higher ET 2002 season. With the higher transpiration and temperature, water uptake and hence, Ca uptake were increased. During both seasons, the lowest Ca concentration was observed at the blossom end of the fruit and the highest Ca at the stem end of the fruit. Fruit Ca concentrations were lower and BER was 5 times higher in the lower ET, higher rainfall (lower irrigation) 2001 season compared to the higher ET, lower rainfall (higher irrigation) 2002 season. These data support that BER was a symptom of Ca deficiency and this deficiency was aggravated by high rainfall, low ET, and the resulting reduced irrigation applied and reduced Ca uptake.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blossom-end Rot Incidence of Tomato as Affected by Irrigation Quantity, Calcium Source, and Reduced Potassium

Taylor¹,

Locascio²,

Alligood³

2004

HortSci

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“…Less water is applied with tensiometer scheduling of water at 10 to 15 kPa on a coarse textured soil. Water use on tomato was 30 cm per crop with water scheduled to replace 0.75 pan and 17 cm used where irrigation was scheduled with magnetic switching tensiometers to apply water to maintain soil at 10 kPa (Locascio and Smajstrla, 1996;Smajstrla and Locascio, 1996). On fi ner textured soils, water is applied to maintain the soil at 20 to 50 kPa (Locascio et al, 1992).…”

Section: Microirrigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of Irrigation for Vegetables: Past, Present, and Future

Locascio¹

2005

horttech

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Vegetables are grown throughout the U.S. on various soil types and in various climates. Irrigation is essential to supplement rainfall in all areas to minimize plant water stress. In the U.S., irrigated vegetable production accounts for about 1.9 million ha or 7.5% of the irrigated area. California, Florida, Idaho, Washington, Texas, Nebraska, Oregon, Wisconsin, and Arizona account for 80% of the U.S. production of irrigated vegetables. In the U.S., surface and subsurface (seepage) irrigation systems were used initially and are currently used on 45% of all irrigated crops with a water use efficiency of 33%. Sprinkler or overhead irrigation systems were developed in the 1940s and are currently used extensively throughout the vegetable industry. Sprinkler systems are used on 50% of the irrigated crop land and have a water use efficiency of 75%. In the late 1960s, microirrigation (drip or trickle) systems were developed and have slowly replaced many of the sprinkler and some of the seepage systems. Microirrigation is currently used on 5% of irrigated crops. This highly efficient water system (90% to 95%) is widely used on high value vegetables, particularly polyethylene-mulched tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), pepper (Capsicum annuum), eggplant (Solanum melongena), strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa), and cucurbits. Some advantages of drip irrigation over sprinkler include reduced water use, ability to apply fertilizer with the irrigation, precise water distribution, reduced foliar diseases, and the ability to electronically schedule irrigation on large areas with relatively smaller pumps. Drip systems also can be used as subsurface drip systems placed at a depth of 60 to 90 cm. These systems are managed to control the water table, similar to that accomplished with subsurface irrigation systems, but with much greater water use efficiency. Future irrigation concerns include continued availability of water for agriculture, management of nutrients to minimize leaching, and continued development of cultural practices that maximize crop production and water use efficiency.

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“…in contrast, çetin et al (2002) found that tomato yield was highest at 100% pan evaporation replenishment (176 t ha -1 ). according to Locassio & Smajstrla (1996), total marketable tomato yields were highest at 1.0 pan (87t ha -1 ) and 0.75 pan (79.3t ha -1 ). The results obtained by these researchers were similar to our findings in terms of the highest marketable yields of tomato irrigated by drip for 100% pan evaporation replenishment.…”

Section: Irrigation Water Productivitymentioning

confidence: 97%

Yield and economic return of drip‐irrigated vegetable production in Turkey

Kuşçu¹,

Çetin

Turhan

2009

New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science

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Field experiments were conducted for 2 years (2004 and 2005) on sandy loam soil in south Marmara region of Turkey to study the effect of five levels of pan evaporation replenishment (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%) on marketable yield, irrigation water productivity (iWP), and economic return of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), pepper (Capsicum annuum), green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), and eggplant (Solanum melongena) under a drip irrigation method. The highest mean marketable yield (2 years) of tomato (87.5 t ha -1 ), pepper (59.2 t ha -1 ), green bean (7.6 t ha -1 ), and eggplant (46.5 t ha -1 ) was recorded at 100%, 100%, 80%, 100%, and 80% of pan evaporation replenishment, respectively. The IWP of tomato (23.6 kg m -3 ), pepper (16.5 kg m -3 ), green bean (2.6 kg m -3 ), and eggplant (13.6 kg m -3 ) was the maximum at 80%, 80%, 40%, and 80% of pan evaporation replenishment, respectively. The results revealed that a further increase in irrigation H07100; amount resulting from 100% of pan evaporation replenishment did not increase the marketable yield of crops but reduced the IWP significantly. The net return increased with the increase in pan evaporation replenishment. The results revealed that the pepper is the most profitable crop, followed by tomato, eggplant, and green bean.

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Water Application Scheduling by Pan Evaporation for Drip-irrigated Tomato

Cited by 36 publications

References 3 publications

Blossom-end Rot Incidence of Tomato as Affected by Irrigation Quantity, Calcium Source, and Reduced Potassium

Blossom-end Rot Incidence of Tomato as Affected by Irrigation Quantity, Calcium Source, and Reduced Potassium

Management of Irrigation for Vegetables: Past, Present, and Future

Yield and economic return of drip‐irrigated vegetable production in Turkey

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