“…), washing (electronics, clothes, etc), antifogging and repellent surfaces (self-cleaning windows, water-proof textiles, anti-snow, anti-fog surfaces, papers, fibers, etc.). [2][3][4][5] Consequently, development and optimization of LSEMs has attracted much attention, and a wide variety of useful LSEMs can be obtained by fluorinating surfaces to yield a surface energies of γ ~15 mN m -1 for -CF3 groups and γ ~25 mN m -1 for -CF2. [6][7][8] Unfortunately, this has important environmental consequences because of the persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity of Fluorocarbons (FCs) 9,10 .…”