Water birth: is the water an additional reservoir for group B streptococcus?

Zanetti-Dällenbach, Rosanna; Lapaire, Olav; Maertens, A.; Holzgreve, Wolfgang; Hösli, Irène

doi:10.1007/s00404-005-0067-1

Cited by 8 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…A small study showed that after water birth the bath water was significantly more often colonized with GBS (13/20; 65%) than after immersion followed by a delivery in bed (4/16; 25%), (P = 0.022) [14], supporting our hypothesis that GBS can be transmitted through immersion water.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Ritual Immersion in a Mikveh Is Associated with Increased Risk of Group B Streptococcal Carrier State in Israeli Parturient Women

Drai-Hasid¹,

Calderon‐Margalit²,

Lev‐Sagie³

et al. 2015

OJOG

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Purpose: Group B Streptococcus (GBS) infection is a major cause of neonatal sepsis. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors for GBS carriership among parturient women in Jerusalem. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 436 parturient Jewish women at Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Mount Scopus. The study included patient interview and vagino-rectal swab for culture. Main outcome measures were the prevalence of GBS carriership among study population. Results: Of the 436 participants, 77 had a positive culture for GBS, giving a carrier rate of 17.7%. No differences were found between carriers and non-carriers in age, BMI or parity. Orthodox Jewish women had a significantly higher carrier rate compared with secular Jewish women (20.6% vs. 12.8% respectively), yielding an age, education and BMI adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.9 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06 -3.40). Similarly, ritual immersion was associated with increased risk of carrier state with an adjusted OR of 2.01 (95% CI: 1.03 -3.92, P = 0.039). Conclusions: Our study suggests an association between ritual immersion in the Mikveh and GBS carriership.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Ritual Immersion in a Mikveh Is Associated with Increased Risk of Group B Streptococcal Carrier State in Israeli Parturient Women

Drai-Hasid¹,

Calderon‐Margalit²,

Lev‐Sagie³

et al. 2015

OJOG

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“…39 Newborn microbial colonization was measured in 3 studies. 31,46,47 Zanetti-Dallenbach et al initially reported no difference in group B streptococcus (GBS) colonization among neonates born in water or conventionally, but their subsequent study revealed a lower GBS colonization rate among neonates born underwater, 46 leading to speculation that there may be a "wash-out effect" associated with waterbirth. 47 Fehervary et al examined the general colonization of neonates born underwater compared with neonates after water labor and neonates whose mothers labored and birthed without immersion.…”

Section: Infection and Antibiotic Administrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waterbirth: An Integrative Analysis of Peer‐Reviewed Literature

Nutter

Meyer

Shaw-Battista

et al. 2014

J Midwife Womens Health

109

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The majority of waterbirth research to date is observational and descriptive; thus, reported outcomes do not demonstrate causal associations. However, existing evidence is reassuring. Case-controlled studies have included thousands of women who gave birth underwater without an apparent increase in maternal or neonatal morbidity or mortality. Potential risks associated with waterbirth for women and neonates appear minimal, and outcomes are comparable to those expected in any healthy childbearing population.

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“…In addition, Geissbuehler et al 10 and Thoeni et al 11 found that waterbirth decreases the number of episiotomies and perineal lacerations. In relation to neonatal outcomes, one study showed a significant increase in neonatal arterial blood pH and an increased Apgar score 10 ; however, three other studies showed no differences in either 9,11,13 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Perceptions and Practice of Waterbirth: A Survey of Georgia Midwives

Meyer

Weible

Woeber

2010

J Midwife Womens Health

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This study investigated the experience and perceptions of Georgia certified nurse-midwives about waterbirth and their level of support for establishing waterbirth in their work setting. A survey was distributed to a convenience sample of 119 certified nurse-midwives from the American College of Nurse Midwives, Georgia chapter; 45% of those surveyed responded. The majority of midwives had some exposure to waterbirth through self-education or through clinical practice. More than half supported the incorporation of waterbirth in their workplace setting. Maternal relaxation and reduced use of analgesia were perceived as the greatest benefit of waterbirth. Of 11 items related to disadvantages of waterbirth, certified nurse-midwives were moderately to severely concerned about none. The most concerning factors, with a mean of 2.4 to 2.5 on a scale of 1 (no worry) to 5 (severe worry), were maintenance of water temperature, physical stress on the midwife, and inability to see the perineum. Midwives' support for waterbirth focused mostly on the perceived benefits to the mother with little worry about the risks.

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Water birth: is the water an additional reservoir for group B streptococcus?

Abstract: Regarding GBS colonization of the newborn during water birth there might be a wash out effect, which protects the children during the delivery.

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

Ritual Immersion in a Mikveh Is Associated with Increased Risk of Group B Streptococcal Carrier State in Israeli Parturient Women

Ritual Immersion in a Mikveh Is Associated with Increased Risk of Group B Streptococcal Carrier State in Israeli Parturient Women

Waterbirth: An Integrative Analysis of Peer‐Reviewed Literature

Perceptions and Practice of Waterbirth: A Survey of Georgia Midwives

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