Water–budget as a tool to evaluate the sustainable use of groundwater resources (Isonzo Plain, NE Italy)

Calligaris, Chiara; Casagrande, Giacomo; Iervolino, Daniela; Lippi, Federica; Olivo, Paolo; Ramani, Massimo; Treu, Francesco; Zini, Luca

doi:10.3301/rol.2019.02

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…As known for the western part of the hydrostructure (Civita et al 1995;Flora & Longinelli 1989;Doctor et al 2006), the level fluctuations observed in the cave are the result of several factors: the allogenic recharge by losses of the Isonzo River inside the Karst and autogenic recharge due to precipitation and consequently to the diffuse infiltration. The average contribution of Isonzo River to the aquifer recharge has been quantified in 10 m 3 /s (Urbanc et al 2012;Calligaris et al 2019a).…”

Section: Results Of Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between tides of northern Adriatic sea and hydrodynamics of the karstic aquifer in the Pozzo dei Protei di Monfalcone (Classical Karst)

Semeraro¹,

Valentinuz²,

Tavagnutti³

2020

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The Pozzo dei Protei di Monfalcone (northeast Italy) is a cavity developed in Cretaceous limestones (Cenomanian-Turonian) situated near the contact of the north-western zone of the Classical Karst with the Lower Plain of the Isonzo/Soča River. At the bottom of the cave is the groundwater at an average altitude of 1.89 m a.s.l. In consideration of the proximity of the cave with the Adriatic Sea, the possible effects of the tides on the karst aquifer were investigated monitoring groundwater level, electrical conductivity (EC, K25) and water temperature using a CTD diver. Groundwater level daily oscillations show a lag of 4–4.5 hours compared to tides. The electrical conductivity variations that can be correlated to tides are 2–5 μS/cm. Excluding that the cave, given the altimetry, is directly affected by the saltwater wedge, the cyclical variations of the EC would derive from the dispersion at the salt water and fresh water interface and from the mobilization of more mineralized water coming from the rock mass. The hypothesis of mixing fresh and salt water and saline fossil waters in the caves of the area has been verified by a general increase in the chloride ion in this area of the karst aquifer compared to the internal areas of Classical Karst.

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Section: Results Of Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between tides of northern Adriatic sea and hydrodynamics of the karstic aquifer in the Pozzo dei Protei di Monfalcone (Classical Karst)

Semeraro¹,

Valentinuz²,

Tavagnutti³

2020

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“…The considerable water withdrawals and the rapid deterioration of groundwater highlighted the necessity of an integrated approach for the assessment of sustainable consumption and for planning of future uses. The waterbalance looks like the tool used to evaluate the available water resources and the future demand (Calligaris et al, 2010a(Calligaris et al, , 2010bHenriksen et al 2008;Kalf et al, 2005;Jukic´ et al, 2009;Sophocleous et al, 2004;Sorek et al, 2010;Zhou, 2009).…”

Section: Water Hydrogeological Budgetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater sustainability in the Friuli Plain

Zini,

Calligaris,

Treu

et al. 2023

AS-ITJGW

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Groundwater resources in the Friuli Venezia Giulia (FVG) Region (northeast Italy) are an important natural wealth in terms of quantity, quality and ease of supply. This optimal condition, however, has long believed that it allowed an irrational and uncontrolled exploitation that inevitably produced tangible consequences on the water resources availability.The goal of the present research is the evaluation of the sustainable use of the groundwater in the Friuli Venezia Giulia Region aimed at providing guide-lines for its rational use. The study area belongs to the hydrogeological basin of the Friuli Plain and includes part of Veneto Region and Slovenia. The plain area is divided in two parts: the High Plain (HP) characterized by a phreatic aquifer and the Low Plain (LP) where eleven confined aquifer systems were identified. The two physiographic zones are separated by the spring belt. In order to evaluate the groundwater avaliability, a 3D model of the Low Friuli Plain aquifer systems was realized using Rockworks R14 software, starting from 603 lithostratigraphic wells data. Isobath and isopach maps were elaborated using kriging geostatistical method. Precipitation, evapotranspiration, runoff and infiltration were calculated to evaluate the inflow and outflow groundwater budget terms (109 rainfall and 46 thermometric stations, time series 1979-2008). To better define the river influences and the outflows at sea, a series of recent surveys on river discharges and surface withdrawals were considered. To obtain the water-budget in non-natural conditions, as the currents, were taken into account the groundwater withdrawals that were evaluated for each type of use and for each aquifer systems, starting from 2 geodatabases: one for the domestic uses (50101 estimated wells) and one for the industrial, agricultural, fish breeding, hygienic, geothermal and other minor uses (7594 wells). Well withdrawals amount were evaluated on annual base for recent periods and expressed as m3/s. The total current estimated groundwater withdrawals reach 62.4 m3/s, of which 41.1 m3/s from the confined aquifer systems in the LP area. More than 52% of the withdrawals are due to the domestic wells. For the water-budget, the studied territory was considered a “semi-closed box” in which groundwater sharings with the neighboring areas are not relevant and where the recharge is mainly due to the influent character of the river, infiltration, rainfall and irrigation practices. As result, the waterbudget for the confined LP is equal to +2.6 m3/s representing the accuracy, fairly acceptable for the scale of the research. Withdrawal entity, spring belt discharge, phreatic levels and confined aquifer’s pressure are closely interdependent and in dynamic equilibrium. The sustainability comes from the consistency and ratio between recharge and withdrawals. The confined aquifer withdrawals in the LP represent the 23.1% of the groundwater recharge coming from the HP and the 30.6% of the spring belt discharge. Seen that this last one can not further decrease, unless loss of important ecosystems, is likely to think that the present situation can be defined of limit equilibrium.

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“…On the western side of the study area, the Soča/Isonzo River (with its spring in the Slovenian Julian Alps), has an influent character toward the alluvial plain, which in turn recharges the Classical Karst hydrostructure with about 10 m 3 /s (Zini et al, 2013;Calligaris et al, 2019a). The third contribution is due to the effective infiltration estimated at 21 m 3 /s (Civita et al, 1995).…”

Section: The Classical Karst Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The contribution of the Notranjska Reka (Timavo Superiore) is estimated to be about 8 m 3 /s (Gabrovšek and Peric, 2006), and is extremely variable with almost negligible flow rates in low water conditions but particularly intense during floods. In the north-western sector between the towns of Merna and Sagrado, the aquifer of the Soča/Isonzo plain joins with the karst waters (Timeus, 1928;Mosetti and D'Ambrosi, 1963;Gemiti and Licciardello, 1977;Cancian, 1987;Doctor et al, 2000;Samez et al, 2005;Treu et al, 2017;Calligaris et al, 2018;2019a). In this area, especially during periods of low waters when the hydraulic gradient of the Classical Karst Region area is low, there is a significant transfer of water that recharges the hydrostructure with an estimated value of about 10 m 3 /s (Zini et al, 2013;Vizintin et al, 2018;Calligaris et al, 2019a).…”

Section: Hydrogeological Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the north-western sector between the towns of Merna and Sagrado, the aquifer of the Soča/Isonzo plain joins with the karst waters (Timeus, 1928;Mosetti and D'Ambrosi, 1963;Gemiti and Licciardello, 1977;Cancian, 1987;Doctor et al, 2000;Samez et al, 2005;Treu et al, 2017;Calligaris et al, 2018;2019a). In this area, especially during periods of low waters when the hydraulic gradient of the Classical Karst Region area is low, there is a significant transfer of water that recharges the hydrostructure with an estimated value of about 10 m 3 /s (Zini et al, 2013;Vizintin et al, 2018;Calligaris et al, 2019a). The genesis and development of the conduit network that drains the waters from the infiltration areas towards the springs has been and is significantly influenced by the different nature of these contributions.…”

Section: Hydrogeological Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Along the hidden Timavo. 90° Congresso della Società Geologica Italiana - Trieste, 14-16 settembre 2021. Pre congress Field Trip T2

Zini¹,

Calligaris²,

Cucchi³

2022

GFT

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Water–budget as a tool to evaluate the sustainable use of groundwater resources (Isonzo Plain, NE Italy)

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Correlation between tides of northern Adriatic sea and hydrodynamics of the karstic aquifer in the Pozzo dei Protei di Monfalcone (Classical Karst)

Correlation between tides of northern Adriatic sea and hydrodynamics of the karstic aquifer in the Pozzo dei Protei di Monfalcone (Classical Karst)

Groundwater sustainability in the Friuli Plain

Along the hidden Timavo. 90° Congresso della Società Geologica Italiana - Trieste, 14-16 settembre 2021. Pre congress Field Trip T2

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