“…Promoted by national governments and international agencies, many countries have transferred irrigation management responsibilities from government agencies to farmer associations or other private institutions, particularly local water user associations (WUAs), in order to actively manage local irrigation‐related resources and coordinate water use between villages and irrigation districts in the irrigation system (Huang, ; Nagrah et al, ; Qiao et al, ). Although WUAs have been regarded as a beneficial institutional arrangement for local irrigation management, their performance has been partial and uneven in practice (Araral, ; Gorton et al, ). For example, there is strong empirical evidence that WUAs potentially improve farmer welfare, such as improvements in water delivery services, increased water fee collection, lower operations and maintenance costs, prevention of opportunistic behavior in local systems, and improvement of the financial viability of irrigation systems (Gorton et al, ; Meinzen‐Dick, ; Ostrom, ).…”