Water Crisis: Issues and Challenges in Punjab

Kumar, Rajiv; Vaid, Upma; Mittal, Sunil

doi:10.1007/978-981-10-5711-3_7

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Yet this resource cannot be utilized to its full potential due to the existing administrative conflicts regarding the Indus treaty and conflicts between Rajasthan, Haryana and Central government regarding diversion of river water. (Kumar, 2018) The depletion of these resources put the future of food production in one of the most farming oriented states of India in question.…”

Section: Case Of Punjabmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Market, Environment and Governing System on Agriculture and Milk Production in Punjab

Mahto¹

2021

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci

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Section: Case Of Punjabmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Market, Environment and Governing System on Agriculture and Milk Production in Punjab

Mahto¹

2021

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci

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“…Water demand is increasing gradually with the increasing world population. Although 71% area of the planet is covered with water but the percentage of the fresh water available for drinking and irrigation is very low [1]. Further, due to difference in geological and hydrological conditions, the available fresh water is unevenly distributed across the globe, consequently, several parts of the world are facing issue of water scarcity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suitability evaluation of groundwater for drinking and agriculture purpose in Una District, Himachal Pradesh (India)

Gautam

Vaid²,

Khaki³

2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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The study’s goal is to analyze the suitability of the sub-surface water of Una district for drinking and agriculture purposes. The data related to physico-chemical parameters of groundwater of district Una was obtained from Central Groundwater Board’s website and compared to the BIS standard (10500:2012). The values of Ca2+, Cl−, F−, and SO4 2- were found to be below the acceptable limit. pH, TDS, Alkalinity, Mg2+, TH, and NO3 − had values that were above the acceptable limit at a few sites, but within the maximum permissible limit. Furthermore, as per the observed values of Total dissolved solids (TDS), Electric conductivity (EC), Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), Percentage sodium (Na%) and Permeability Index (PI), the groundwater of Una district is suitable for irrigation purposes. However, Kelly’s Ratio (KR), Magnesium ratio (MR) and Residual sodium-carbonate (RSC) values revealed that groundwater is unfit for irrigation at few sites only. The value of Corrosivity Ratio (CR) was more than 01 for 11 sites indicating that the groundwater of these sites is corrosive in nature and can be transported only via non-corrosive pipes in these locations.

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“…Moreover, potato is grown on raised beds and irrigated through furrows, accounting for significant water losses. Hence, the region's cultivation of water-guzzler rice and spring maize crops is becoming challenging as Punjab is already facing a water crisis [4]. The mean ground table has experienced a fall of 0.4 m year − in 80% of irrigated areas in central Punjab [5] since 1990.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactive Effects of Nitrogen Application and Irrigation on Water Use, Growth and Tuber Yield of Potato under Subsurface Drip Irrigation

et al. 2022

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Potatoes are a high-value crop with a shallow root system and high fertilizer requirements. The primary emphasis in potato production is minimizing nitrogen-leaching losses from the shallow root zone through fertigation. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted for two consecutive years, 2018–2019 2019–2020 to assess the effect of nitrogen and irrigation amount and frequency on tuber yield, water balance components and water productivity of potatoes under surface and subsurface drip irrigation. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three nitrogen levels (187.5 kg N ha−1 (N1), 150 kg N ha−1 (N2) and 112.5 kg N ha−1 (N3)) in main plots and six irrigation levels in the subsurface (drip lines were laid at 20 cm depth) and one surface drip in subplots. Irrigation scheduling was based on 100% of cumulative pan evaporation at an alternate (I1) and two-day interval (I2), 80% of cumulative pan evaporation at an alternate (I3) and two-day interval (I4), 60% of cumulative pan evaporation at an alternate (I5) and two-day interval (I6) and 80% of cumulative pan evaporation at alternate days with surface drip (I7). Our results showed that potato transpiration was higher in N1 and N2 compared to N3, while soil evaporation was higher in N3 over N1 and N2. Irrigation regimes I5 and I6 had lower transpiration than I1, I2, I3 and I7, while I7 had more soil evaporation than I1, I2 and I3. Leaf area index (LAI), dry matter accumulation (DMA), root mass density (RMD) and tuber yield in N1 and N2 were at par but significantly higher than N3. The LAI and DMA were statistically at par in I1, I2 and I3 but significantly higher than recommended irrigation (I7). Tuber yield was statistically at par in I1, I2, I3 and I7 but I3 and I7 saved 20% irrigation water compared to I1 and I2. On the other hand, real water productivity (WPET) under N1 and N2 were comparable in I3 and I4 but significantly higher than recommended practice (I7) as pooled evapotranspiration (ET) and soil evaporation (E) in I7 were 19.5 and 20.6 mm higher, respectively, than in I3. Among interactive treatment combinations, N1I1, N1I2, N1I3, N1I7, N2I1, N2I2 and N2I3 recorded the highest tuber yields without any significant differences among them. Treatment N2I3 saved 20% nitrogen and irrigation water compared to all other combinations. Water productivity in N1 and N2 was comparable in I3 and I4 but significantly higher than recommended practice (I7).

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Water Crisis: Issues and Challenges in Punjab

Cited by 19 publications

References 9 publications

Impact of Market, Environment and Governing System on Agriculture and Milk Production in Punjab

Impact of Market, Environment and Governing System on Agriculture and Milk Production in Punjab

Suitability evaluation of groundwater for drinking and agriculture purpose in Una District, Himachal Pradesh (India)

Interactive Effects of Nitrogen Application and Irrigation on Water Use, Growth and Tuber Yield of Potato under Subsurface Drip Irrigation

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