Water Demand and Water Use Efficiency in ‘Palmer’ Mango Cultivation in the Low-Middle São Francisco Valley

Abstract

The study aimed to determine the evapotranspiration (ETc) of the mango cv. 'Palmer' over two productive cycles, analyzing water-use efficiency (WUE) and crop water productivity (CWP) to propose average crop coefficient (Kc) values for improving irrigation management under cultivation conditions in the Low-Middle São Francisco Valley. The study was conducted from July 2019 to May 2021 in a commercial 'Palmer' mango orchard in Petrolina, State of Pernambuco, Brazil. Micrometeorological data was collected throughout the experimental period. The crop evapotranspiration (ETc) was determined using Bowen ratio energy balance (BREB), and then the Kc, WUE, and CWP were determined. The highest ETc values occurred during the floral induction phase (5.14 ± 0.85 mm day -1 ), with a Kc of 0.85; however, the lowest values were observed during the fruit maturation phase (3.60 ± 0.73 mm day -1 ), with a Kc of 0.91. Average water consumption per cycle was 1445 mm, with a daily average of 4.39 mm day -1 . WUE and CWP were 16.9 and 24.5 kg ha -1 mm -1 , respectively. Average Kc values of 0.81, 0.76, 0.85, 0.90, 0.95, and 0.91 are recommended for the vegetative growth, rest period and shoot maturation, floral induction, flowering, fruit development, and fruit maturation phases, respectively.