Water-Deprived Parasitic Wasps (Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae) Kill More Pupae of a Pest (Drosophila suzukii) as a Water-Intake Strategy

Silva, Cherre Sade Bezerra Da; Price, Briana E.; Walton, Vaughn M.

doi:10.1038/s41598-019-40256-8

Cited by 24 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…This methodological divergence was likely the cause of the striking differences in total fecundity and pattern of parasitism exhaustion between the studies, but it does not explain the difference regarding lifespan. Because there is a tradeoff between reproduction and survival, with investment in reproduction often reducing parasitoid survival [41,42,51], and the investment in this activity was 5.5x higher in our study than in Rossi Stacconi et al, it is surprising that the former reports a much greater survival than the latter.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

“…The rise of miscellaneous attack as the wasps aged contributed to the maintenance of a consistent host-killing potential despite the parasitoid’s declining fecundity. This finding seems plausible if we consider that (1) females survived on average 10-11 days without any food, (2) host-feeding plays a major role in miscellaneous attacks [42], and (3) the hemolymph of each SWD pupa extended female survival by 1.3 day. In other words, as females got older, they exhausted their nutritional reserves and thus increased host-feeding (and hence miscellaneous attack) as a means to compensate for the nutritional loss.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been demonstrated that P. vindemmiae practice concurrent host-feeding (i.e., use the same host for both egg-laying and host-feeding) and that host-feeding by a newly-emerged female has no cost to her offspring [43], suggesting that the trade-off between current and future reproduction is not a crucial question for P. vindemmiae. However, advanced age and dehydration increase the rate and time invested in host-feeding, as well as the amount of consumed hemolymph [42,47], lowering the rate of emergence of parasitoid offspring (Bezerra Da Silva et al, unpublished data). Hence, the trade-off between those two types of reproduction can really be a constraint for P. vindemmiae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By practicing host-feeding a parasitoid can access nutrients for parasitoid maintenance, egg production, or both, including water and sugars [40,41]. In P. vindemmiae, host-feeding has been observed not only on pupae of SWD [42], but also on pupae of the housefly (Musca domestica L.) [25], and Drosophila melanogaster Meigen [43]. When parasitizing pupae of the housefly, females of P. vindemmiae that were offered a constant supply of honey had greater longevity, offspring production, and sex ratio (i.e., proportion of female offspring) than females fed a water-only diet [35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These females seek and benefit from ingesting free water, and they host-feed on SWD pupae as a water-intake strategy. Host-feeding extends their longevity, and increased host-feeding lead to greater offspring production [42]. Despite the studies on young females, comprehensive descriptions of the reproductive and non-reproductive effects of P. vindemmiae on SWD pupae throughout the parasitoid’s entire life span are lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors affecting the biology of Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) on spotted-wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii)

DaSilva

Price

Soohoo-Hui³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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2 vindemmiae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) on spotted-3 wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) 4 5 6 Cherre 19 20 Abstract 21 Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae is a parasitoid of the invasive spotted-wing drosophila 22 (SWD, Drosophila suzukii) in the U.S. Few studies have addressed interactions between 23 these two species and little is known about the potential of this parasitoid as a biocontrol 24 agent of SWD. Here, we investigated the impact of extrinsic and intrinsic factors on life-25 history traits of P. vindemmiae. Both constant (entire adulthood) and limited (30 minutes) 26 supply of water + honey, honey, or host increased parasitoid survival compared to 27 controls (water or fasting). Water + honey caused the highest parasitoid survivals (35-60 28 days), independent of supply period, sex, and host availability. Females were intrinsically 29 more resistant to water and honey scarcity than males, and host-feeding elevated such 30 resistance even higher. Constant supply of honey supported the highest host-killing 31 capacity (ca. 600 SWD pupae/wasp). However, in young females (4-9 days old), such 32 honey effect was insignificant while water deprivation (either with or without honey) 33 resulted in the highest host-killing potential. This indicate that although sugar becomes a 34 critical nutritional resource as females age, young females depend more on water than 35 sugar. No effect of water nor honey was observed on the sex ratio of young females, but 36 when we considered the entire adulthood honey supply produced the lowest proportion of 37 females (0.50), independent of water availability. Such reduction derived from sperm 38 depletion, likely caused by both lack of re-mating and higher fecundity in honey-fed 39 wasps. Neither water nor honey affected parasitoid emergence rate (0.97), independent of 40 female age. Based on survival and host-killing capacity, we conclude that P. vindemmiae 41 has a tremendous biocontrol potential against SWD. Both limited and constant supply of 42 water, sugar, and host increase parasitoid survival, while constant supply of water and/or 43 honey enhance its host-killing potential and decrease sex ratio depending on mother age. 44 45 Introduction 48 Since 2008, spotted-wing drosophila (SWD), Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: 49 Drosophilidae), has become a key pest of small fruits and cherries in the Americas and 50 Europe [1-3]. The fly is native to southeast Asia and was first detected in North America 51 (California) [4] and Europe (Italy and Spain) [5] in 2008, and in South America (Brazil) in 52 2013 [6]. Management relies greatly on broad-spectrum insecticides [7,8] and cultural 53 tactics such as early/timely harvest and sanitation [9-11]. However, these approaches 54 display limited efficacy, and are not environmentally or economically sustainable. For 55 these reasons, there is a need for alternative control strategies that can be incorporated into 56 a holistic integrated pest management (IPM) program for SWD [9,12]. Biological control 57 provides such an alternative as it i...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%