Water desalination in Egypt; literature review and assessment

Elsaie, Yasser; Soussa, Hoda; Gado, Mohamed A.; Balah, Ahmed

doi:10.1016/j.asej.2022.101998

Cited by 35 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Therefore, group C was treated separately in further correlation analysis. Developing models for blending water from different sources in the city network, Avni et al (2013) expressed water quality as Mg concentration in it and used the range of 10-24 mg L -1 as an optimal one for domestic and agricultural consumption [2]. Among our grouping samples only groups C and D belong to this range of Mg concentrations (Fig.…”

Section: Tap Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia produces about one-tenth of all desalinated water produced in the world every day. The United Arab Emirates has become the world's secondhighest seawater desalination country with a desalination capacity of 8.4x10 -6 m 3 day -1 [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Egypt in 2022 76 plants have been completed and fully operated, with a daily capacity of 850x10 3 m 3 day -1 [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Examining the Influence of Desalinated Water on Iodine Concentration in Tap Water in Israel

Rosen

Gal

Andrushchenko

et al. 2023

Preprint

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In Israel, desalinated water is a major source of drinking water, blended with water from local wells and Lake Kinneret. Studies have shown that iodine concentrations in the water provided by authorities may not accurately reflect levels reaching end-users. We analyzed the iodine content in 21 tap water and several natural water samples collected from different localities across Israel during May-June 2021, using an improved method of ICP-MS. Our results showed that it is possible to distinguish between sample groups based on iodine concentration, water hardness, and Ca/Mg ratio. The median values for four groups of tap waters ranged from 0.3 to 12.3 g I L-1, which is lower than the iodine concentration in Israeli tap water reported previously by other researchers. Calculations based on typical consumption suggest that the water can provide no more than 3.39% of the recommended dietary allowance level. Additionally, we also analyzed 13 samples of post-treated desalinated water from three of the largest Israeli desalination plants. The results indicate that these waters comply with industrial specifications but contain only trace concentrations of iodine and much less magnesium than recommended by different public health authorities for public consumption of drinking water.

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Section: Tap Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Examining the Influence of Desalinated Water on Iodine Concentration in Tap Water in Israel

Rosen

Gal

Andrushchenko

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…The economics of crop production is based on irrigation. Egypt prefers to improve irrigation efficiency in the Nile Basin, including recycling wastewater (Darwish et al, 2020;El-sayed et al, 2021) desalination plants (Elsaie et al, 2022) and installing additional water pumps and treatment plants (ElFetyany et al, 2021). The Russia-Ukraine conflict threatens the country's food security, as Egypt is one of the largest wheat importers in the region.…”

Section: An Analysis Of Wheat Trade In Egyptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geopolitical risks for Egypt wheat supply and trade

Gebeltová

Hálová

Malec

et al. 2023

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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IntroductionSince 2005, Russia has established a stable position in Egypt's wheat imports, and after 2016, it became the largest global wheat exporter. The shift in Russian grain production has visibly affected wheat export destinations in favor of developing countries. This paper identifies the main determinants of wheat trade in Egypt concerning the primary risks associated with the war in Ukraine.MethodsThe paper utilizes time series analysis, index analysis, and an econometric model to define the statistical relationship between the quantity of wheat imported into Egypt and population development, wheat price, and wheat production.ResultsDespite increasing wheat production growth rates (1.9% p.a. over 2000–2020) and a growing population (2.01% p.a.), Egypt is unable to reduce its import dependence below 50% of total consumption. Undernourishment in Egypt remains at 5.2%–5.4% of the population. The econometric model shows that variables describing the evolution of production, population, and prices are statistically significant in relation to wheat imports. Egypt's wheat imports continue to increase even with rising prices, which is typical for developing countries. The war in Ukraine and associated commodity price increases have far-reaching implications for Africa's food security and supply systems.DiscussionEgypt's vulnerability to external influences, such as climate change, migration, rising commodity prices, and population growth, exacerbates the situation. Most African countries, including Egypt, struggle with the economic and social impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. They also face rising food and energy prices, conflicts between the world's largest food producers, and increasing poverty rates. The research findings confirm that Egypt is among the highly vulnerable countries due to the war in Ukraine and the disruption of agricultural supply chains.

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“…Desalination is a process in which the ions and contaminants are removed from seawater or wastewater and fresh water is produced. 1 Two significant technologies that have been used in the recent years in desalination processes include thermal desalination and membrane desalination. The thermal desalination technology includes multistage flash distillation, multieffect distillation, and pressurized steam desalination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Desalination Process Using Li@C₆₀ Fullerenes Confined between Graphene Plates

Abbaspour,

Akbarzadeh,

Salemi

et al. 2024

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The Li@C 60 endohedral fullerene is particularly interesting because of its near-spherical shape, which has been the subject of some new experiments in recent years. In this study, we have examined the effect of positioning of Li + @C 60 endohedral and pure C 60 fullerenes between parallel graphene surfaces with flat and cross-sectional configurations at different external pressures in the desalination process using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Another membrane was also modeled by positioning of five graphene layers in the flat configuration as a layer-by-layer membrane. Our results showed that the salt rejection rate increases as the number of the confined fullerene increases. The presence of one Li + @C 60 fullerene increases the rejection rate two times more than the empty system. The presence of nine Li + @C 60 fullerenes leads to the complete rejection rate. The Li + @C 60 endohedral fullerenes also show more rejection rate than the pure C 60 fullerenes, which is due to the stronger fullerene−ion interactions. Although the presence of confined fullerenes between graphene plates decreases the water flux, the layer-by-layer configuration increases the water flux four times more than the one-layer system. Our results also indicated that the water flux is much smaller in the cross-sectional configuration than the flat one, which is due to the confined mobile fullerenes between the graphene plates. The ion rejection is also much greater in the cross-sectional configuration so that we have complete ion rejection in the five confined endohedral fullerene system. Our results have been also approved by the potential of mean force and self-diffusion coefficients.

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Water desalination in Egypt; literature review and assessment

Cited by 35 publications

References 12 publications

Examining the Influence of Desalinated Water on Iodine Concentration in Tap Water in Israel

Examining the Influence of Desalinated Water on Iodine Concentration in Tap Water in Israel

Geopolitical risks for Egypt wheat supply and trade

Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Desalination Process Using Li@C₆₀ Fullerenes Confined between Graphene Plates

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Water desalination in Egypt; literature review and assessment

Cited by 35 publications

References 12 publications

Examining the Influence of Desalinated Water on Iodine Concentration in Tap Water in Israel

Examining the Influence of Desalinated Water on Iodine Concentration in Tap Water in Israel

Geopolitical risks for Egypt wheat supply and trade

Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Desalination Process Using Li@C60 Fullerenes Confined between Graphene Plates

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Product

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Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Desalination Process Using Li@C₆₀ Fullerenes Confined between Graphene Plates