Water dispersible plant sterol formulation shows improved effect on lipid profile compared to plant sterol esters

Shaghaghi, Mandana Amir; Harding, Scott; Jones, Peter J.H.

doi:10.1016/j.jff.2013.10.017

Cited by 22 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Esterification of PSS with dietary fatty acids may facilitate their incorporation into micelles, and hence, it seems plausible that esterification could be important for the cholesterol-lowering efficacy of PSS [ 26 ]. Clinical studies comparing head-to-head un-esterified (free) vs. esterified PStan added to spreads, breakfast cereals and bread [ 27 ] or water-dispersible free PSter vs. PSter esters [ 28 ] have shown comparable LDL-C lowering effects. Another study comparing different forms (1.7 g once a day with breakfast consumed under supervision) including free PSter and PSter esterified to fatty acids from sunflower oil or fish oil added to margarine in the same study setting, failed to show any cholesterol-lowering effect compared to control treatment [ 29 ] and could thus not be used to assess potential differences between free and esterified PSter.…”

Section: Impact Of Plant Sterol and Stanol Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

LDL-Cholesterol Lowering of Plant Sterols and Stanols—Which Factors Influence Their Efficacy?

et al. 2018

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The LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering effect of plant sterols/stanols (PSS) is summarized in several meta-analyses showing a dose-response relationship with intakes of 1.5 to 3 g/day lowering LDL-C by 7.5% to 12%. This review summarizes evidence for the impact of various factors potentially influencing the LDL-C-lowering efficacy of PSS. PSS are efficacious in all food formats and in food supplements. Some factors related to food format, e.g., solid vs. liquid foods, seem to impact efficacy, while there is no difference between free PSS and esters. Compared to multiple daily intakes, once-a-day intake of PSS, especially in the morning with light breakfast, leads to a sub-optimal LDL-C lowering. However, intake frequency seems influenced by intake occasion, i.e., with or without a meal, and time of day. Meal intake is a critical factor for an optimal LDL-C lowering efficacy of PSS. While age has no impact, gender is suggested to influence the LDL-C lowering effect of PSS with greater reductions reported for men than women; but overall evidence is inconclusive and larger studies show no gender by treatment interaction. In conclusion, PSS are efficacious in all foods and food supplements; for optimal efficacy they should be consumed with a (main) meal and twice daily.

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Section: Impact Of Plant Sterol and Stanol Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

LDL-Cholesterol Lowering of Plant Sterols and Stanols—Which Factors Influence Their Efficacy?

et al. 2018

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“…A review of the clinical trial database demonstrates a TG-lowering effect of PS ranging from 0.8 to 28% compared to baseline values [7–19]. The TG-lowering response of selected studies are presented in Table 1.…”

Section: Clinical Assessment Of Tg Lowering In Response To Psmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, in studies where subjects were hypertriglyceridaemic (>1.7 mmol/L), 1.6–4 g/d PS lowered circulating TG levels 11%–28% [9–14,18]. Conversely, in studies where baseline TG levels were < 1.7 mmol/L, 1.6–4.1 g/d PS lowered TG levels by 0.8–7% [7,11,12,15,16,19]. Pooled analysis of five clinical studies showed that subjects with baseline TG concentrations of 1.0 mmol/L experienced a 1.0%, 3.8% and 4.7% reduction in circulating TG levels with 2.0 g/d, 3.0 g/d or 4.0 g/d plant stanols, respectively [20].…”

Section: Clinical Assessment Of Tg Lowering In Response To Psmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, compared to the control group, TG levels were modestly decreased by 1.0% [18]. Shaghaghia et al [19] demonstrated the opposite effect, where 2.0 g/d PS decreased TG relative to baseline and the control group by 0.8% and 13.9%, respectively. Large disparities in relative reductions in TG between baseline and controls values could suggest that background diets, or other lifestyle factors, are imposing a substantial effect on the TG response.…”

Section: Clinical Assessment Of Tg Lowering In Response To Psmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Triglyceride-Lowering Response to Plant Sterol and Stanol Consumption

Rideout

Marinangeli

Harding

2015

Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL

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Phytosterols (PS) have long been recognized for their cholesterol-lowering action, however, recent work has highlighted triglyceride (TG)-lowering responses to PS that may have been overlooked in previous human interventions and mechanistic animal model studies. This review assesses the current state of knowledge regarding the effect of dietary PS supplementation on blood TG concentrations by examining the average therapeutic response, potential mechanisms, and metabolic and genetic factors that may contribute to inter-individual variability. Data from human intervention trials demonstrates that, compared to baseline concentrations, PS supplementation results in a variable TG-lowering response ranging from 0.8 to 28%. It is evident that hypertriglyceridemic individuals (>1.7 mmol/L) have a greater TG-lowering response to PS (11–28%) than subjects with normal plasma TG concentrations (0.8–7%). Although a genetic basis for the variable TG-lowering effects of PS is probable, there are only limited studies to draw on. The available data suggest that polymorphisms in the apolipoprotein E (apoE) gene may affect responsiveness, with PS-induced reductions in TG more readily evident in apoE2 than apoE3 or E4 subjects. Although only a minimal number of animal model studies have been conducted to specifically examine the mechanisms whereby PS may reduce blood TG concentrations, it appears that there may be multiple mechanisms involved including interruption of intestinal fatty acid absorption and modulation of hepatic lipogenesis and VLDL packaging and secretion. In summary, the available data suggest that PS may be an effective therapy to lower blood TG, particularly in hypertriglyceridemic individuals. However, before PS can be widely recommended as a TG-lowering therapy, studies that are specifically powered and designed to fully access therapeutic responses and the mechanisms involved are required.

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“…Phytosterols have received much attention in recent years due to their health benefits such as reduction in serum LDL‐cholesterol level (Amir Shaghaghi, Harding, and Jones, ; Trautwein et al., ), antiatherogenic (Moghadasian, Tan, Le, & Shahidi, ) and anticancer effects (Woyengo, Ramprasath, & Jones, ), and more recently anti‐inflammatory properties (Aldini et al., ; Feng et al., ; Othman & Moghadasian, ). The cholesterol lowering effect is the most commonly studied and well‐known health‐promoting effect of phytosterols.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Bioaccessibility of Low‐Crystallinity Phytosterol Nanoparticles Generated Using Nanoporous Starch Bioaerogels

Ubeyitogullari

Moreau

Rose

et al. 2019

Journal of Food Science

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Phytosterols are natural health‐promoting bioactive compounds; however, phytosterols have very limited bioavailability due to their crystalline lipophilic structure. With the aim of improving bioaccessibility, low‐crystallinity phytosterol nanoparticles were generated by supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO2) impregnation of phytosterols into nanoporous starch aerogels (NSAs). The in vitro bioaccessibility of the phytosterol nanoparticles (35%) was significantly higher than that of the crude phytosterols (3%) after sequential oral, gastric, and intestinal digestion. The percentages of starch hydrolysis were not different among the various NSA preparations and reached to 64% after sequential digestion. The zeta potential of the phytosterol nanoparticles was higher compared to that of crude phytosterols in the micellar phase; indicating higher stability. The findings of this study support the use of NSA to produce nanoparticles of reduced crystallinity to improve the bioaccessibility of the lipophilic bioactive compounds. Practical Applications This novel process can decrease the size and crystallinity of phytosterols and thus improve phytosterols’ bioavailability. It is a blueprint to apply to other water insoluble food bioactives. This novel approach may (i) improve the health benefits of water‐insoluble bioactives; (ii) enable food manufacturers to add water‐insoluble bioactives into low‐ and high‐fat foods to produce health‐promoting foods; and (iii) enhance the cost‐benefit ratio of water insoluble bioactives.

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Water dispersible plant sterol formulation shows improved effect on lipid profile compared to plant sterol esters

Cited by 22 publications

References 47 publications

LDL-Cholesterol Lowering of Plant Sterols and Stanols—Which Factors Influence Their Efficacy?

LDL-Cholesterol Lowering of Plant Sterols and Stanols—Which Factors Influence Their Efficacy?

Triglyceride-Lowering Response to Plant Sterol and Stanol Consumption

In Vitro Bioaccessibility of Low‐Crystallinity Phytosterol Nanoparticles Generated Using Nanoporous Starch Bioaerogels

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