Water dissipation mechanism of residential and office buildings in urban areas

Chu

et al. 2021

IJERPH

Self Cite

Urban evaporation, as an essential part of local water vapor resources in urban areas, has often been underestimated. One possible reason is that the evaporation of urban hardened surfaces is seldom considered and poorly understood in urban evaporation estimation. This study focused on the mechanisms and calculation of evaporation on hardened surfaces in urban areas. Experimental monitoring was used to monitor the processes and characteristics of evaporation on hardened surfaces. Mathematical models based on water quantity constraints were built to calculate evaporation of hardened surfaces. The results showed that: The interception abilities for rainwater and rainfall days of impervious hardened surfaces determine their evaporated water amount, which means no water, no evaporation for the impervious surfaces. The greater evaporation of artificial sprinkling on roads happened in fewer days of rainfall and frost. The evaporation of pervious hardened ground is continuous compared to the impervious surface. Its soil moisture in the sub-layer of permeable concrete decreases periodically with a period of one day. The evaporation of hardened surfaces occupies 16–29% of the total amount of evaporation in the built-up areas in cities. Therefore, the hardened surface evaporation has great significance on the urban hydrological cycle and urban water balance.

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms and Empirical Modeling of Evaporation from Hardened Surfaces in Urban Areas

Zhou

Chu

et al. 2021

IJERPH

Self Cite

“…Building water dissipation is a process that accompanies water consumption. Based on the principle of bionics, this paper compares building areas to concrete forests composed of urban building trees [9][10] . Figure 1 shows the main type of water dissipation that occurs inside a building: the conversion of the phase of water from liquid to gaseous.…”

Section: Building Water Dissipationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Water dissipation and its mechanism are the key components in the "intake-conveyance-use-dissipation-drainage-recyclingreuse" process of water in urban areas. However, water dissipation has been ignored in previous studies of urban evapotranspiration and the urban water cycle 9 . Urban water dissipation primarily means that water vapor conversions occur in the process of various indoor water use activities; this is a di cult and challenging component in the research of the urban water cycle 10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Water dissipation occurs on the urban surfaces of the other four types; this is classi ed as urban surface evapotranspiration and re ects to the natural water dissipation component in cities 11 . "Evapotranspiration" (ET) and "dissipation" constitute the water vapor conversion process of the hydrological cycle and are the primary sources of water vapor in urban areas 9 . Moreover, several methods have been used to estimate ET, including the water balance method 12 , the meteorological method 13 , and the energy balance remote sensing model 14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The indoor water vapor produced by human activities will travel outside through doors, windows, and other channels to participate in the atmospheric water cycle. Nevertheless, this component of water dissipation has been ignored in previous studies of urban evapotranspiration and the urban water cycle 9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Calculating the water dissipation of buildings in urban areas based on global nighttime light data

Han

Mei

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

Urban water dissipation is increasing gradually as urbanization progresses. Urban water dissipation mainly includes the dissipation of water in buildings and natural water evapotranspiration. Previous studies have mainly focused on calculating natural evapotranspiration in urban areas and have overlooked the dissipation of water in buildings under the influence of strong human-related water use activities. In this paper, the concept of building water dissipation (BWD) was proposed to describe the phenomenon that water dissipation occurs inside buildings. Moreover, a BWD calculation model was established and applied to calculate global building water dissipation. To reveal the specific water dissipation inside buildings, it is necessary to obtain the urban building floor area first. This paper proposed a new method to calculate the urban building floor area based on global nighttime light data obtained from NPP-VIIRS. Taking the floor area results into the BWD calculation model, the global building water dissipation in urban areas was found to be 127 billion m3 in 2015. The vast building water dissipation that occurs in urban areas mostly results from rapidly developing economies and intense human activities. The results provide a basic understanding of the nexus between water resources and the energy-heat island effect in urban areas.

Impact of urbanization factors considering artificial water dissipation on extreme precipitation: A numerical simulation of rainfall in Shanghai

Luo

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

Zhang

et al. 2023

Climate change and rapid urbanization have jointly altered the climate characteristics of cities, including rainfall, humidity, and temperature, and have resulted in an increase of extreme precipitation. In this study, to identify the hydrothermal driving factors responsible for extreme precipitation in urban areas, sensitivity experiments were carried out on two extreme precipitation events in Shanghai, China, using the weather research and forecasting (WRF) model coupled with the artificial water dissipation urban canopy model (AWDUCM). The simulation results from the WRF model and observations from 35 weather stations across Shanghai were compared. The results showed that WRF could simulate the spatial distribution and precipitation intensity of extreme rainfall more accurately when integrated with the AWDUCM. With the AWDUCM incorporated, the root‐mean‐square errors of the two simulated precipitation events were 9.1 and 9.9 mm respectively (accounting for approximately 20% of the total rainfall). The near‐surface temperature and specific humidity in the AWDUCM simulation were approximately 0.5°C and 1 g·kg−1 higher than in the NON simulation (that did not invoke the AWDUCM) respectively. Urbanization factors increase the near‐surface temperature and specific humidity in urban and built‐up land, and the results of this study indicate that these are two of the driving forces affecting precipitation. Increased water vapor and urban heat island effects caused by urbanization are enhancing the intensity of extreme precipitation in Shanghai.