Water Electrolysis and Pulsed Direct Current

Shaaban, Aly H.

doi:10.1149/1.2220923

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…30 A similar transient response in the stack voltage to current change was observed on a 1 kW PEMWE by R. García-Valverde, which however only analysed the thermal status. 36 In contrast to the literature, 31 this research showed that a low frequency DC pulsation output into a PEMWE can increase the energy efficiency and reduce energy consumption in long term. Commercial PEM stacks were experimentally examined under various current variation paths and dynamic operation conditions including water flowrate and temperature.…”

contrasting

confidence: 58%

“…29,30 Aly H. Shaaban tested pulsed DC input with frequencies ranging from 10 Hz to 40 kHz, showing increased energy usage in a laboratory membrane water electrolyser. 31 In recent studies, the control systems 32,33 and high-frequency current ripples 34,35 were simulated in examining the dynamic response of a PEMWE stack to variable renewable electricity input, indicating that operation with favourable operating conditions are crucial in order to maximise the electrolyser efficiency and minimise the degradation. S. Boulevard et al studied the voltage response to current density variation at a low values (0.04 to 0.96 A•cm −2 ) in a PEMWE, showing that a small step increase in current could cause voltage overshoot and a long time to stabilise the cell voltage.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Experimental Investigation of PEM Water Electrolyser Stack Performance Under Dynamic Operation Conditions

Liu,

Huang,

Leveneur

et al. 2024

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Water electrolysis has been used to produce green hydrogen, for which identifying optimum operation parameters is crucial to improve its energy efficiency and energy consumption. This paper used a commercial proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolyser stack (180 W) to demonstrate the correlation between operating current change, temperature, and water flow rate and their impact on the thermal and electrical performance of the stack. It was found that the current control regime and temperature control can offset the voltage ageing in a long-term operating electrolyser with no negative impact on the H2 production rate. For a controlled decreasing current path, in the medium range of operating current, the stack’s energy efficiency was improved by 5%, and 3.7% specific energy consumption can be saved comparing to the standard operation (57.8 kWh·kg-1H2). The results provide insights into the potential optimisation in operation conditions to further increase cell energy efficiency and reduce energy consumption. This new finding sheds light on developing an energy- and cost-saving operating method for long-term green hydrogen production via water electrolysis.

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confidence: 58%

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confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation of PEM Water Electrolyser Stack Performance Under Dynamic Operation Conditions

Liu,

Huang,

Leveneur

et al. 2024

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…Other applications of the FM01‐LC reactor include: the condensation of carboxylic acids (Kolbe synthesis), the oxidation of dintrogen tetroxide to dinitrogen pentoxide,9 the breaking of the nitric acid azeotrope,10 the electrosynthesis of coumestan and catecholamine derivatives, using carbon electrodes,11 and the generation of hydrogen from a 10 wt % aqueous sulfuric acid solution using a pulsed direct current 12…”

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confidence: 99%

Mass transport in the rectangular channel of a filter‐press electrolyzer (the FM01‐LC reactor)

2005

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The FM01-LC is a laboratory-scale (projected area 64 cm 2 ) electrochemical cell, based on the larger (2100 cm 2 ) FM21-SP electrolyzer (INEOS Chlor-Chemicals), the latter having originally been designed for chlor-alkali processing. 1 Both of these electrochemical cells are designed with a plate-and-frame filterpress configuration; electrodes, spacers, ion-exchange membranes and gaskets are compressed between two electrically insulating end plates. The available electrode area in the FM01-LC reactor can be readily increased by building up a series of standard sized electrode plates, or by the use of additional stacks. The reactor is well suited to laboratory feasibility studies in subject areas, such as electrosynthesis, environmental treatment and redox flow cells, together with investigations of the effect of process variables on electrochemical reactions. 1,2 A number of articles on the characterization of FM01-LC reactors have been published. 1-7 Brown et al. 4 have examined the current distribution within the reactor for the reduction of cupric ions to copper metal, showing that plastic mesh turbulence promoters had the effect of smoothing out the current distribution within the cell and reducing entry effects. The same authors studied the space-averaged mass transport of the FM01-LC using the reduction of ferricyanide ion at nickel electrodes. 3 They examined the relationship between the masstransport coefficient and the mean linear flow velocity (with and without turbulence promoters). Increasing the velocity of the electrolyte increased the rate of mass transport at the expense of a higher pumping cost and a lower reactant conversion per pass. The space averaged mass-transport coefficient improved by a factor of 1.7 to 3.8. The pressure drop across the cell was small (and dominated by the restrictions imposed by the manifolds at the entrance and outlet of the cell). A study using three-dimensional (3-D) electrodes occupying the entire electrolyte channel of the FM01-LC cell has been published by the same authors, 5 the mass transport characteristics of different 3-D electrode materials were compared using the reduction of ferricyanide ion as a model reaction. The authors concluded that the FM01-LC can be easily modified to use 3-D electrodes, which allows the overall reaction rate to be enhanced by a factor of up to 100 times. The enhanced surface area was used to oxidize alcohols and, hence, synthesize carboxylic acids.Trinidad and Walsh 6 examined the effect of 3-D electrodes and turbulence promoters on the fluid-flow distribution within the FM01-LC. Deviations from the ideal plug-flow model were quantified for different reactor models by plotting the Peclet number vs. electrolyte velocity. Turbulence promoters increased the mass transport leading to a more uniform current density, with reduced entrance effects; the plug flow model was found to be applicable when suitable turbulence promoters are used. An article by the same authors 7 described the oxidation of cerous ions using the FM01-LC in a divided...

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“…In 1993, Shaaban conducted a comparative study of the losses at various frequencies and duty cycles in pulsed and non-pulse electrolysis. Although the findings of the study are certainly worth considering, rather than mentioning the positive effects of the existing pulse electrolysis processes, the study raised concerns about the following negative effects [17], viz., acceleration of corrosion due to current polarity reversal during pulse off period, high electrical energy requirement under pulsed current conditions, and reactive losses due to inductive reactance. However, because the range of frequencies applied in the author's pulse experiment was very wide, the difficulties in selecting the right applied frequency were not considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In previous studies, the capacitor characteristic component of the pulse (electrical double layer) [14], the effect of the pulse [15], the pulse on/off time condition [16], the applied frequency range [17], and modeling based on experimental cases [18], applied pulse type [19], etc., have been studied. Most of the problems with existing studies are related to the frequency of the applied pulse.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical Double Layer Mechanism Analysis of PEM Water Electrolysis for Frequency Limitation of Pulsed Currents

Kim

et al. 2021

Energies

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This paper proposes a method for improving hydrogen generation using pulse current in a proton exchange membrane-type electrolyzer (PEMEL). Traditional methods of electrolysis using direct current are known as the simplest approach to produce hydrogen. However, it is highly dependent on environmental variables, such as the temperature and catalyst used, to enhance the rate of electrolysis. Therefore, we propose electrolysis using a pulse current that can apply several dependent variables rather than environmental variables. The proposed method overcomes the difficulties in selecting the frequency of the pulse current by deriving factors affecting hydrogen generation while changing the concentration generated by the cell interface during the pulsed water-electrolysis process. The correlation between the electrolyzer load and the frequency characteristics was analyzed, and the limit value of the applicable frequency of the pulse current was derived through electrical modeling. In addition, the operating characteristics of PEMEL could be predicted, and the PEMEL using the proposed pulse current was verified through experiments.

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Water Electrolysis and Pulsed Direct Current

Cited by 11 publications

References 2 publications

Experimental Investigation of PEM Water Electrolyser Stack Performance Under Dynamic Operation Conditions

Experimental Investigation of PEM Water Electrolyser Stack Performance Under Dynamic Operation Conditions

Mass transport in the rectangular channel of a filter‐press electrolyzer (the FM01‐LC reactor)

Electrical Double Layer Mechanism Analysis of PEM Water Electrolysis for Frequency Limitation of Pulsed Currents

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