Water Electrolysis for the Production of Hydrogen to Be Employed in the Ironmaking and Steelmaking Industry

Cavaliere, Pasquale; Perrone, A.; Silvello, A.

doi:10.3390/met11111816

Cited by 33 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Anyway, many issues are related to the costs of hydrogen production as well as to the reaction thermodynamic because the hydrogen in the gas mixture allows for endothermic reactions and so larger gas volumes are needed to balance the heat losses. [ 26 ] The reduction of iron oxides with molecular hydrogen is endothermic, whereas carbon monoxide reduction is exothermic. Above 800 °C, however, thermodynamics are more favorable with hydrogen than with carbon monoxide, where the reduction rate with H 2 is much higher than the case with CO at 850 °C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen‐Based Direct Reduction of Iron Oxides Pellets Modeling

Cavaliere

Perrone

Marsano

et al. 2023

steel research int.

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The present study deals with the analyses of the direct reduction kinetics during the hydrogen reduction of industrial iron oxide pellets. Various types of pellets with different percentage of total iron content and metal oxides are examined. They are reduced at different temperatures and pressure (700–1100 °C and 1–6 bar) in hydrogen atmosphere. The reduction behavior is described in terms of time to reduction, rate of reduction, and kinetics constant. All the obtained results are analyzed through the employment of a commercial multiobjective optimization tool to precisely define the weight that each single parameter has on the reduction behavior. It is shown that from the point of view of the processing conditions, temperature is the main factor influencing the time to total reduction. From the point of view of the pellets properties, it is mainly influenced by the total iron percentage and then by porosity and basicity index. Also, the kinetics behavior is largely influenced by the reduction temperature even if it is mainly governed by the porosity and pores size from the point of view of the reduced pellets. The reduction rate is also mainly influenced by temperature and then by iron percentage, gas pressure, basicity index, and porosity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen‐Based Direct Reduction of Iron Oxides Pellets Modeling

Cavaliere

Perrone

Marsano

et al. 2023

steel research int.

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…The produced hydrogen may be directly injected into the natural gas fuel supply to combustion-based processes, through [73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82] Figure 4. Incorporation of hydrogen energy within an energy system with technologies to be analyzed in a plant scale.…”

Section: Electrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Thermochemical Technologies for Water and Energy Integration Systems: Energy Storage and Recovery

2022

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Thermochemical technologies (TCT) enable the promotion of the sustainability and the operation of energy systems, as well as in industrial sites. The thermochemical operations can be applied for energy storage and energy recovery (alternative fuel production from water/wastewater, in particular green hydrogen). TCTs are proven to have a higher energy density and long-term storage compared to standard thermal storage technologies (sensible and latent). Nonetheless, these require further research on their development for the increasing of the technology readiness level (TRL). Since TCTs operate with the same input/outputs streams as other thermal storages (for instance, wastewater and waste heat streams), these may be conceptually analyzed in terms of the integration in Water and Energy Integration System (WEIS). This work is set to review the techno-economic and environmental aspects related to thermochemical energy storage (sorption and reaction-based) and wastewater-to-energy (particular focus on thermochemical water splitting technology), aiming also to assess their potential into WEIS. The exploited technologies are, in general, proved to be suitable to be installed within the conceptualization of WEIS. In the case of TCES technologies, these are proven to be significantly more potential analogues to standard TES technologies on the scope of the conceptualization of WEIS. In the case of energy recovery technologies, although a conceptualization of a pathway to produce usable heat with an input of wastewater, further study has to be performed to fully understand the use of additional fuel in combustion-based processes.

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“…While water electrolysis technologies have greatly progressed in recent years, this process still faces inherent limitations such as a thermodynamic minimum potential difference of 1.23 V and overpotential issues. [1][2][3] A different approach for H 2 production is the utilization of a biocatalyst. Enzymes possess a variety of advantages as biocatalysts, including negligible overpotential, high specificity, and complete biodegradability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alternatively, the carbon‐neutral “green” H 2 is currently produced by water electrolysis, powered by renewable energy sources such as solar and wind. While water electrolysis technologies have greatly progressed in recent years, this process still faces inherent limitations such as a thermodynamic minimum potential difference of 1.23 V and overpotential issues 1–3 . A different approach for H 2 production is the utilization of a biocatalyst.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peptide self‐assembly as a strategy for facile immobilization of redox enzymes on carbon electrodes

et al. 2023

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Redox–enzyme‐mediated electrochemical processes such as hydrogen production, nitrogen fixation, and CO2 reduction are at the forefront of the green chemistry revolution. To scale up, the inefficient two‐dimensional (2D) immobilization of redox enzymes on working electrodes must be replaced by an efficient dense 3D system. Fabrication of 3D electrodes was demonstrated by embedding enzymes in polymer matrices. However, several requirements, such as simple immobilization, prolonged stability, and resistance to enzyme leakage, still need to be addressed. The study presented here aims to overcome these gaps by immobilizing enzymes in a supramolecular hydrogel formed by the self‐assembly of the peptide hydrogelator fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl‐diphenylalanine. Harnessing the self‐assembly process avoids the need for tedious and potentially harmful chemistry, allowing the rapid loading of enzymes on a 3D electrode under mild conditions. Using the [FeFe] hydrogenase enzyme, high enzyme loads, prolonged resistance against electrophoresis, and highly efficient hydrogen production are demonstrated. Further, this enzyme retention is shown to arise from its interaction with the peptide nanofibrils. Finally, this method is successfully used to retain other redox enzymes, paving the way for a variety of enzyme‐mediated electrochemical applications.

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Water Electrolysis for the Production of Hydrogen to Be Employed in the Ironmaking and Steelmaking Industry

Cited by 33 publications

References 28 publications

Hydrogen‐Based Direct Reduction of Iron Oxides Pellets Modeling

Hydrogen‐Based Direct Reduction of Iron Oxides Pellets Modeling

Review of Thermochemical Technologies for Water and Energy Integration Systems: Energy Storage and Recovery

Peptide self‐assembly as a strategy for facile immobilization of redox enzymes on carbon electrodes

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