Water–energy–greenhouse gas nexus of urban water systems: Review of concepts, state-of-art and methods

Nair, Sudeep; George, Biju; Malano, Hector; Arora, Meenakshi; Nawarathna, Bandara

doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2014.05.007

Cited by 211 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Yet, many of these tools, when not designed from a holistic perspective, may directly impact infrastructure-investment costs [50] and/or lead to deleterious environmental effects in the form of greenhouse gases or high energy consumption [52,279,280].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban Water Cycle Simulation/Management Models: A Review

Peña-Guzmán

Melgarejo

Prats

et al. 2017

Water

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Urban water management is increasingly important given the need to maintain water resources that comply with global and local standards of quantity and quality. The effective management of water resources requires the optimization of financial resources without forsaking social requirements. A number of mathematical models have been developed for this task; such models account for all components of the Urban Water Cycle (UWC) and their interactions. The wide range of models entails the need to understand their differences in an effort to identify their applicability, so academic, state, and private sectors can employ them for environmental, economic, and social ends. This article presents a description of the UWC and relevant components, a literature review of different models developed between 1990 and 2015, and an analysis of several case studies (applications). It was found that most applications are focused on new supply sources, mainly rainwater. In brief, this article provides an overview of each model's use (primarily within academia) and potential use as a decision-making tool.Keywords: urban water cycle; integrated management of urban water; computational models

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban Water Cycle Simulation/Management Models: A Review

Peña-Guzmán

Melgarejo

Prats

et al. 2017

Water

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“…In all of these studies, energy and water systems are treated separately. Studies that do treat energy and water systems together focus on activities at the industrial generation and municipal distribution scales (e.g., Stillwell et al 2010, Ackerman and Fisher 2013, Nair et al 2014. Few studies focus on how to integrate these systems for more efficient and effective operation at the building level.…”

Section: Current Building Design At the Few Nexusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resilient by design: the case for increasing resilience of buildings and their linked food-energy-water systems

Tien

2018

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

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The resilience of buildings and food, energy, and water systems (FEWS) to natural or manmade disruptions are closely linked. The resilience of a building goes beyond the safety of its structural elements and must include the resilience of its supporting systems and the services they supply. The resilience of FEWS, in turn, can increase through design elements of a building that affect generation and storage of FEW resources. In this commentary, I discuss increasing the resilience of buildings and their linked FEWS-improving their resistance, absorption, restoration, and adaptive capacities-through new integrated systems design practices. I begin with a discussion of the current state of building design at the FEW nexus. I then use the prior establishment and current use of sustainability design objectives as an analogue to developing and implementing resilience design objectives. I review progress and limitations of specific drivers for increasing resilient design practices, including economic incentives, regulations, extralegal programs and initiatives, and societal incentives. My recommendations for leveraging these drivers to increase resilient design include: for economic incentives, quantify the costs and benefits to make the business case for resilience; for formal regulations, specify increased building requirements with performance-based resilience objectives; for extralegal initiatves, integrate these resilience objectives with existing certification programs and award designs that address FEWS as an integrated network rather than as disparate systems; and for societal incentives, demonstrate public benefit to shift societal perceptions of resilience. Together, these actions will motivate the design of more resilient building and FEW systems to increase their longevity, performance, and robustness. Keywords:Resilience; buildings; food-energy-water systems (FEWS); design objectives; integrated systems; performance-based design; design practices and incentives School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, US itien@ce.gatech.edu Introduction Food, energy, and water systems (FEWS) are essential for the functioning, safety, and security of society. They provide critical resources and services for the population of a community. They are also characterized by interconnections and interdependencies, which can both support the performance of these systems, e.g., if outputs from one system can be leveraged for use in multiple systems; or expose the systems to additional vulnerabilities, e.g., if failures in one system cascade into losses for connected systems.Buildings are also critical to daily life. We live the majority of our lives in buildings, with Americans spending on average 87% of their time in enclosed buildings (Klepeis et al. 2001). Buildings and FEWS are inextricably linked, particularly for energy and water systems. Buildings serve as the final distribution points for most municipal energy and water systems. Once energy and water resources are generated...

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“…auch Nair et al (2014). Sehr deutlich sind dabei die Unterschiede zwischen der Bereitstellung von Bewässe-rungswasser mit rd.…”

Section:  Trinkwasserbereitstellungunclassified