Water Footprint Calculation on the Basis of Input–Output Analysis and a Biproportional Algorithm: A Case Study for the Yellow River Basin, China

Yin, Jifu; Wang, Huixiao; Yan, Changrong

doi:10.3390/w8090363

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The studies by Gobin et al [14] and Evangelou et al [15] focus on showing the variability in WFs of crop production, while Kersebaum et al [16] quantify uncertainties in WF estimations. Some of the papers focus on understanding the driving forces behind increasing WFs [19][20][21][22][23]. While a few papers primarily look at water-use efficiency of production as a way to mitigate water scarcity, a few other papers analyze the role of consumption patterns.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thirteen of the fourteen papers in this special issue consider green and blue WFs [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26], while eight papers include grey WF estimation. All papers that include the grey WF specifically focus on pollution through nitrogen [14,15,17,19,21,22,25,27].…”

Section: The Papers In This Special Issue: Measuring Efficiency and Smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a case study for crop production in the area of Beijing, Jin et al [19] show the changes in the total grey WF over time and attempt to find the contribution from the three factors P, A, and T. For that purpose, they employ a so-called extended stochastic impact by regression on population, affluence, and technology (STIRPAT) model. In their paper for the Yellow River Basin in China, Yin et al [20] study the driving factors behind the WF of consumption as well, by correlating different factors representing P, A, or T to the total WF.…”

Section: The Papers In This Special Issue: Measuring Efficiency and Smentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advancing Water Footprint Assessment Research: Challenges in Monitoring Progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 6

Hoekstra

Chapagain²,

Oel

2017

Water

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Abstract:This special issue is a collection of recent papers in the field of Water Footprint Assessment (WFA), an emerging area of research focused on the analysis of freshwater use, scarcity, and pollution in relation to consumption, production, and trade. As increasing freshwater scarcity forms a major risk to the global economy, sustainable management of water resources is a prerequisite to development. We introduce the papers in this special issue by relating them to Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) number 6 of the United Nations, the goal on water. We will particularly articulate how each paper drives the understanding needed to achieve target 6.3 on water quality and pollution and target 6.4 on water-use efficiency and water scarcity. Regarding SDG 6, we conclude that it lacks any target on using green water more efficiently, and while addressing efficiency and sustainability of water use, it lacks a target on equitable sharing of water. The latter issue is receiving limited attention in research as well. By primarily focusing on water-use efficiency in farming and industries at the local level, to a lesser extent to using water sustainably at the level of total water systems (like drainage basins, aquifers), and largely ignoring issues around equitable water use, understanding of our water problems and proposed solutions will likely remain unbalanced.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Papers In This Special Issue: Measuring Efficiency and Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Papers In This Special Issue: Measuring Efficiency and Smentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Advancing Water Footprint Assessment Research: Challenges in Monitoring Progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 6

Hoekstra

Chapagain²,

Oel

2017

Water

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“…The agricultural water footprint can be calculated as shown in Equation 15 where WFPagr is agricultural water footprint, m 3 ; WFPfir is water footprint of primary industry, m 3 ; EWFPfir is external water footprint of primary industry, m 3 . WFPfir and EWFPfir are calculated by input-output method according to the reference (Yin et al, 2016).…”

Section: Agricultural Water Footprintmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional Agricultural Water Footprint and Crop Water Consumption Study in Yellow River Basin, China

Yin¹

2019

Appl. Ecol. Env. Res.

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The 12 main crops in the Yellow River Basin were selected as the research objects. Based on crop water consumption and effective precipitation, the regional crop water consumption and agricultural water footprint of the Yellow River Basin are studied. The results showed that the distribution of crop water consumption in the Yellow River Basin was similar to that of the annual average precipitation. Irrigation affected the data distribution in some areas. The areas with high crop water consumption value were mainly concentrated in the irrigation areas along the Yellow River. Rain-fed agriculture was dominant in other areas, and crop water consumption was relatively small. The total crop water consumption in the Yellow River Basin was 84.25 billion m 3 in 2017, 66% of which is in Henan and Shandong provinces and 60% is for wheat and maize. The proportion of green water to crop water consumption in the Yellow River Basin was 78.7%. The spatial distribution of green water consumption in crops was basically the same as that of crop water consumption. The agricultural water footprint of the Yellow River Basin is 49.45 billion m 3 , accounting for 58.7% of the crop water consumption. The proportion of green water consumption to total water consumption of most crops is more than 80%, and the lowest is 58% for wheat. 56% of blue water in the river basin is used for wheat. Crop water consumption coefficient reflects the level of water use in production. The average crop water consumption coefficient in the Yellow River Basin is about 0.622 m 3 /kg.

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“…According to the available studies on VW balance of the YRB through the top-down approach (i.e. Input-Output analysis) (Feng et al, 2012;Cai et al, 2009;Yin et al, 2016), the YRB has a net VW export in consideration of the primary industry.…”

Section: Case Study Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trade-offs between crop-related (physical and virtual) water flows and the associated economic benefits and values: a case study of the Yellow River Basin

Zhuo

Zhang³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract. Water issues in many river basins associated with droughts, water over-exploitation and pollution are increasingly being driven by remote pressures through intensified virtual water (VW) flows. However, little attention has been paid to the internal trade-offs between the (physical and virtual) water flows and the associated economic benefits and incomes that the water generated. Here we estimate the concomitant reversed flows of economic benefits and values to the physical and VW flows in crop production and consumption at a basin level, by taking the Yellow River Basin (YRB) in both current three typical years (2003, 2004, and 2006, which were dry, average, and wet, respectively) and possible four scenarios for 2050 under climate-socio-economic changes as the study case. An algorithm for estimation of the economic net benefits of green and blue water use for crop production based on the water footprint (WF) accounting is developed. Results show that the net benefit of blue water (irrigation) was 13–42 % lower than that of green water used in irrigated croplands in the basin. Cropping pattern has defined the spatial heterogeneity in the levels of net benefits of water used for crops within the YRB. Provinces located in the relatively drier upper and middle reaches had high irrigation withdrawal rates while a low economic return to farmers because of growing relatively cheap crops. The YRB got increasingly net income due to exports of wheat, cotton and apples even though as a crop-related net VW importer associated to the intra-national trades. Considered scenarios for 2050 suggested that the economic returns of crop-related physical and VW flows were more sensitive than the quantity levels of corresponding water flows. This study implies the importance of managing the internal trade-offs or mutual effects between the water resources consumption and economic returns, in order to get a win-win situation in maximizing both the water use efficiency and economic productivities per drop of water flows.

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Water Footprint Calculation on the Basis of Input–Output Analysis and a Biproportional Algorithm: A Case Study for the Yellow River Basin, China

Cited by 19 publications

References 46 publications

Advancing Water Footprint Assessment Research: Challenges in Monitoring Progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 6

Advancing Water Footprint Assessment Research: Challenges in Monitoring Progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 6

Regional Agricultural Water Footprint and Crop Water Consumption Study in Yellow River Basin, China

Trade-offs between crop-related (physical and virtual) water flows and the associated economic benefits and values: a case study of the Yellow River Basin

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