Water Footprint in Rice-Based Cropping Systems of South Asia

Bhatt, Rajan; Hossain, Akbar; Busari, Mutiu Abolanle; Meena, Ram Swaroop

doi:10.1007/978-981-15-9496-0_9

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…Furthermore, the equipment needs a skilled operator to set, adjust and regulate laser settings and operate the tractor. The equipment is restricted only to the regularly shaped fields and less efficient in smallsized and irregular fields" [11]. "With laser levelling, the unevenness of the field is reduced to about ±2 cm, resulting in better water application and better fertilizer efficiency, improved water productivity, reduced weed pressure and distribution efficiency.…”

Section: Laser Land Levelling (Lll)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Laser land levelling technology has enormous potential for optimizing water use efficiency in rice without any yield loss" [11].…”

Section: Laser Land Levelling (Lll)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various RCTs are being promoted in the ricewheat belt of the IGPs are System of Rice Intensification (SRI), Leaf Color Chart (LCC), Direct-Seeded Rice (DSR), brown manuring, laser land-levelling, rice ratooning, site specific nutrient management, precision nutrient management, artificial intelligence by use of drone, Furrow Irrigated Raised Bed System (FIRBS), Zero Tillage (ZT), minimum tillage, System of Wheat Intensification (SWI), surface seeding, bed planting system, crop residue management etc. For these RCTs require a period of three to five years for significant impact on water and crop productivity [11]. "These RCTs provide a wide range of benefits including as improved yield, reduced costs of production, increased irrigation WUE, improved NUE, effective management of insect pests and reduced GHGs emissions" [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For these RCTs require a period of three to five years for significant impact on water and crop productivity [11]. "These RCTs provide a wide range of benefits including as improved yield, reduced costs of production, increased irrigation WUE, improved NUE, effective management of insect pests and reduced GHGs emissions" [11,12]. Continuous use of conventional agricultural methods like tillage and crop residue burning has exacerbated soil depletion and depleted the soil resource base, resulting in decreasing in crop productivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improving Resource Utilization Efficiency and Productivity in Rice-wheat Cropping System through Cutting Edge Technologies: An Overview

Tiwari

Naresh²,

Debangshi³

et al. 2022

IJPSS

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Rice-wheat cropping system is one of the major cropping system practiced in South Asia on 13.5 m hectares area, 10.3 million hectares of which are in the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP). The Indian Rice-Wheat Cropping System (RWCS) accounts for more than 70% of the country’s total grain production which is essential for ensuring national food security. Widely used RCT known as Zero Tillage (ZT) in which wheat is directly sown into the undisturbed soil after rice harvested. The Adoption of Furrow Irrigated Raised Bed System (FIRBS) in wheat production saves 30-40% water, seed use by 25-30% and nutrients use by 25% without reducing yield. The RCTs involve residue management (mainly residue retention), crop diversification and no- or minimum tillage with direct seeding and bed planting. AWD in rice save water by 10 to 30% while reducing seepage and deep drainage losses and Brown manuring is highly beneficial for weed control, water and soil conservation and nutrient supplementation. The cultivation of aerobic rice is a new system of growing in non-flooded, non-puddled soils, with high external inputs using innovative technique of aerobic rice that require less water than transplanted rice. A simple and inexpensive diagnostic tool leaf colour chart can be used for monitoring the relative greenness as a measure of the plant N status. Thus, it can be concluded that RCT adoption improving soil health, water use efficiency and nutrient use efficiency with higher sustained yields which leads to sustainable improvements in RWCS. By saving on labour, time, diesel, fertilisers, pesticides, and farm power, resource conservation technologies lower the cost of farming and also lessen environmental pollution.

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Section: Laser Land Levelling (Lll)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Laser land levelling technology has enormous potential for optimizing water use efficiency in rice without any yield loss" [11].…”

Section: Laser Land Levelling (Lll)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Improving Resource Utilization Efficiency and Productivity in Rice-wheat Cropping System through Cutting Edge Technologies: An Overview

Tiwari

Naresh²,

Debangshi³

et al. 2022

IJPSS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In South Asia, a widespread cereal-based agricultural system known as rice-wheat (RW) ensures the survival of billions of people (Nawaz et al, 2019;Bhatt et al, 2021). At 13.5 million hectares in size, the Indo-Gangetic plains (IGPs) represent over 85% of the territory covered by the RW system (Saharawat et al, 2012;Bhatt et al, 2020). In India, 76% of the total area is land, and 50% of it is in the northwest (NW) region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bundling subsurface drip irrigation with no-till provides a window to integrate mung bean with intensive cereal systems for improving resource use efficiency

Kakraliya,

Jat,

Kumar

et al. 2024

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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The future of South Asia’s major production system (rice–wheat rotation) is at stake due to continuously aggravating pressure on groundwater aquifers and other natural resources which will further intensify with climate change. Traditional practices, conventional tillage (CT) residue burning, and indiscriminate use of groundwater with flood irrigation are the major drivers of the non-sustainability of rice–wheat (RW) system in northwest (NW) India. For designing sustainable practices in intensive cereal systems, we conducted a study on bundled practices (zero tillage, residue mulch, precise irrigation, and mung bean integration) based on multi-indicator (system productivity, profitability, and efficiency of water, nitrogen, and energy) analysis in RW system. The study showed that bundling conservation agriculture (CA) practices with subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) saved ~70 and 45% (3-year mean) of irrigation water in rice and wheat, respectively, compared to farmers’ practice/CT practice (pooled data of Sc1 and Sc2; 1,035 and 318 mm ha−1). On a 3-year system basis, CA with SDI scenarios (mean of Sc5–Sc8) saved 35.4% irrigation water under RW systems compared to their respective CA with flood irrigation (FI) scenarios (mean of Sc3 and Sc4) during the investigation irrespective of residue management. CA with FI system increased the water productivity (WPi) and its use efficiency (WUE) by ~52 and 12.3% (3-year mean), whereas SDI improved by 221.2 and 39.2% compared to farmers practice (Sc1; 0.69 kg grain m−3 and 21.39 kg grain ha−1 cm−1), respectively. Based on the 3-year mean, CA with SDI (mean of Sc5–Sc8) recorded −2.5% rice yield, whereas wheat yield was +25% compared to farmers practice (Sc1; 5.44 and 3.79 Mg ha−1) and rice and wheat yield under CA with flood irrigation were increased by +7 and + 11%, compared to their respective CT practices. Mung bean integration in Sc7 and Sc8 contributed to ~26% in crop productivity and profitability compared to farmers’ practice (Sc1) as SDI facilitated advancing the sowing time by 1 week. On a system basis, CA with SDI improved energy use efficiency (EUE) by ~70% and partial factor productivity of N by 18.4% compared to CT practices. In the RW system of NW India, CA with SDI for precise water and N management proved to be a profitable solution to address the problems of groundwater, residue burning, sustainable intensification, and input (water and energy) use with the potential for replication in large areas in NW India.

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Efficient Water Management Strategies and Recharge Potential Under Rice-Based Cropping Systems

Patnaik,

Mishra,

Sharma

et al. 2024

Key Drivers and Indicators of Soil Health Management

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Water Footprint in Rice-Based Cropping Systems of South Asia

Cited by 12 publications

References 90 publications

Improving Resource Utilization Efficiency and Productivity in Rice-wheat Cropping System through Cutting Edge Technologies: An Overview

Improving Resource Utilization Efficiency and Productivity in Rice-wheat Cropping System through Cutting Edge Technologies: An Overview

Bundling subsurface drip irrigation with no-till provides a window to integrate mung bean with intensive cereal systems for improving resource use efficiency

Efficient Water Management Strategies and Recharge Potential Under Rice-Based Cropping Systems

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