Water–gas shift catalysts based on ionic liquid mediated supported Cu nanoparticles

Design of an Autoreduced Copper in Carbon Nanotube Catalyst to Realize the Precisely Selective Hydrogenation of Dimethyl Oxalate

“…For the DMO hydrogenation reaction, Cu‐based catalysts have been studied extensively because of their outstanding catalytic activity and low cost if used for industrial applications . Cu is a typical transition metal and its oxides have attracted extensive attention in many reactions, for example, hydrogenation, coupling reactions, methanol synthesis, and the water gas shift reaction. Before application in reactions, almost all Cu‐based catalysts needed to be reduced under a H 2 atmosphere as the active sites are generally Cu 0 or Cu + .…”

Understanding the active copper sites of Cu/ZrO2 catalyst applied to direct conversion of ethanol to ethyl acetate and hydrogen

“…The equilibrium Cu 1+ ↔ Cu 0 in small metallic Cu crystallites therefore depends on the standard free energy of formation, and hence on the morphology of the crystallite (Van Steen et al, 2005). The oxidation of the metal is favored by a decrease in both metal particle size and temperature (Saib et al, 2006;Knapp et al, 2010). Adsorption of CO on Cu surfaces in different oxidation states has been shown to give rise to various species that exhibit IR absorption bands in the 2000-2200 cm -1 spectral region (Dandekar and Vannice, 1998).…”

Low-Temperature WGS Reaction

“…Among various catalysts, Cu/Zn/Al and Cu/Zn/ Ce/Al catalysts are stable and have high activity for 10 h at 310°C. Knapp et al [15] synthesized 1-butyl-2,3-dimethyl-imidazolium trifluoromethane sulphonate ionic liquidcoated Cu/Al catalysts. The order of activity is Cu/Zn/Al/ K > Cu/Zn/Al > Cu/Zn/Al/Rb > Cu/Zn/Al/Cs.…”