Water in crisis: a guide to the world’s fresh water resources

Thomas, Caroline

doi:10.2307/2623756

Cited by 33 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…Available freshwater is only 0.76% in groundwater, 0.001% in the atmosphere, and 0.03% in lakes and rivers (400 trillion cubic meters) (Figure 11a, left). 185 In recent years, due to environmental pollution, population growth, and economic development, the imbalance between demand and available blue water is exacerbating. 186 Over half of the global population is facing severe freshwater scarcity, 187 and over 2.3 billion people are plagued by the lack of safe water (Figure 11a, right).…”

Section: Overflow Control For Sustainable Water Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Saline water is the largest water source on the planet, accounting for 96.5% of all water in the seawater, and a further 1% is found in brackish groundwater. 185 In various freshwater production strategies, seawater desalination can provide high-quality water without damaging natural freshwater ecological systems. The current techniques used in seawater desalination include reverse osmosis (RO), 224−226 electrodialysis (ED), 227 pervaporation (PV), 228,229 and thermal 230,231 and membrane distillation (MD).…”

Section: Overflow Control For Sustainable Water Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overflow Control for Sustainable Development by Superwetting Surface with Biomimetic Structure

2022

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Liquid flowing around a solid edge, i.e., overflow, is a commonly observed flow behavior. Recent research into surface wetting properties and microstructure-controlled overflow behavior has attracted much attention. Achieving controllable macroscale liquid dynamics by manipulating the micro-nanoscale liquid overflow has stimulated diverse scientific interest and fostered widespread use in practical applications. In this review, we outline the evolution of overflow and present a critical survey of the mechanism of surface wetting properties and microstructure-controlled liquid overflow in multilength scales ranging from centimeter to micro and even nanoscale. We summarize the latest progress in utilizing the mechanisms to manipulate liquid overflow and achieve macroscale liquid dynamics and in emerging applications to manipulate overflow for sustainable development in various fields, along with challenges and perspectives.

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Section: Overflow Control For Sustainable Water Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Overflow Control For Sustainable Water Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overflow Control for Sustainable Development by Superwetting Surface with Biomimetic Structure

2022

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“…Water scarcity is one of the key issues facing humanity in the 21st century. − Including all of the glaciers, stored groundwater, and fractions of lakes and rivers, only 2.5% of all water on earth is fresh water. , Given that ocean water (96.5% of all water) contains salt, most of the water problem thus far has been focused on separating salt from seawater via desalination. − Although desalination process is simple in terms of producing relatively fresh water, it requires distribution infrastructure facilities, which lead to large prepayment capital costs. , Moreover, many countries with water stress are surrounded by land, and thus require alternative ways to access fresh drinking water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photochemically Induced Water Harvesting in Metal–Organic Framework

Suh

Chong

Kim

2019

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Harvesting water from air is one of the key environmental related issues facing humanity in recent years. In this study, we demonstrate that tha Ni-IRMOF74-III metal−organic framework structure attached with azopyridine molecules can potentially undergo photochemically induced cis/trans transition, leading to significant enhancement in the H 2 O working capacity. Specifically, grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations indicate an ultrahigh 0.20 kg kg −1 of H 2 O working capacity at 25 °C adsorption and 65 °C desorption conditions. More importantly, given that the cis/trans switching is predominantly responsible for the discrepancy in the H 2 O uptake, even in the mild condition of 35 °C desorption (10 °C diurnal temperature swing), the H 2 O working capacity is still very high at 0.18 kg kg −1 . Our theoretical findings provide a blueprint to design the next generation water harvesting materials that can operate in natural conditions to expand its applicability in different regions around the world.

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“…El 30% de toda el agua dulce es subterránea, la mayoría en acuíferos profundos y de difícil acceso. Los lagos y ríos juntos contienen sólo un poco más del 0,25% de toda el agua dulce, o menos del 0,01% del agua total (Gleick, 1993). Los procesos de desalinización térmica convencionales son ineficientes en el uso de energía y sufren particularmente de corrosión, así como de incrustaciones que también afectan a la osmosis inversa.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Estudio de materiales de bajo coste para la mejora de la desalinización solar de agua de mar

Christoph

Hernández

Muñoz

et al. 2018

Realidad y Reflexión

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<p>La evaporación de agua altamente eficiente bajo iluminación solar es de importancia clave para el rendimiento de los alambiques de desalinización de agua de mar. La eficiencia de la generación de vapor térmico aumenta notablemente a través del aislamiento térmico de las capas superficiales de agua irradiada del agua subyacente. Estudios recientes han demostrado que el uso de nanomateriales con propiedades plasmónicas superficiales da lugar a aumentos adicionales de la eficiencia térmica. Presentamos los resultados de los experimentos de evaporación de agua in situ realizados en condiciones ambientales normales. El uso de estructuras flotantes de capas de sándwich (SLS), puede incrementar las tasas de evaporación de agua de hasta un 43% en comparación con las tasas obtenidas para superficies de agua lisa con un bulto expuesto a la luz subyacente. La importancia del transporte acuático para la superficie SLS expuesta a la luz, y por lo tanto el diseño SLS es crucial, como demostramos con un conjunto adicional de experimentos. La eficiencia de evaporación aumenta cuando en la superficie iluminada SLS hay capas de polvo impregnadas en agua de absorbentes de luz fuertes. Los resultados comparativos obtenidos con las capas de grafito en polvo húmedo y los compuestos de rocas ígneas muestran que, en las mismas condiciones experimentales, la tasa de evaporación del agua puede aumentar hasta un 470%, en comparación con las superficies de agua desnudas.</p><p>Realidad y Reflexión Año 18, No 47, 48 Enero-Junio 2018; pp.58-73</p>

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Water in crisis: a guide to the world’s fresh water resources

Cited by 33 publications

References 0 publications

Overflow Control for Sustainable Development by Superwetting Surface with Biomimetic Structure

Overflow Control for Sustainable Development by Superwetting Surface with Biomimetic Structure

Photochemically Induced Water Harvesting in Metal–Organic Framework

Estudio de materiales de bajo coste para la mejora de la desalinización solar de agua de mar

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