Water in the environment

Rundel, Philip W.; Jarrell, W. M.

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-2221-1_3

Cited by 48 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…15 cm) and refilled with soil. Monitoring depths less than 30 cm was not possible because of diurnal temperature fluctuations (Rundel & Jarrell, 1989). For simplicity, a weighted mean soil water potential from the measurements at the five depths is presented for each sampling date for each species.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine root distribution and persistence under field conditions of three co‐occurring Great Basin species of different life form

et al. 2004

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Summary• Fine roots of an annual grass, a perennial grass and a perennial shrub were examined. Based on life histories and tissue composition, we expected the greatest root persistence for the shrub and shortest for the annual grass.• Roots were observed with minirhizotrons over 2 yr for number, length and diameter changes. A Cox proportional hazard regression correlated root persistence with soil water, depth, diameter and date of production.• In 2001, grass roots had similar persistence times, but shrub roots had the shortest. In 2002, the annual had the longest median root persistence, the perennial grass intermediate and the perennial shrub had the shortest. All species responded similarly to the magnitude of seasonal precipitation; root numbers increased with favorable soil moisture and disappeared with drying; fewer, thinner roots at greater soil depths were found in the drier year (2001). Root persistence increased with soil moisture, diameter and earlier appearance in the spring.• Plasticity in root morphology and placement was influenced by water availability, yet persistence was surprisingly contrary to expectations.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine root distribution and persistence under field conditions of three co‐occurring Great Basin species of different life form

et al. 2004

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“…The plants in ∆Tc-1 and ∆Tc-2 treatments were irrigated when Ψ soil was equal to -0.05 MPa, in ∆Tc-3 treatment when Ψ soil was equal to -0.20 MPa, in ∆Tc-4 treatment when Ψ soil was equal to -0.6 MPa, and in ∆Tc-5 treatment when Ψ soil was equal to -1.00 MPa. The Ψ soil was daily measured by three tensiometers and three plaster blocks per plot (Rundel & Jarrel, 1989), which were installed at 0.05 m from the cultivation row at 0.20 m depth. Once those Ψ soil were reached, each plot was irrigated to raise the soil water content from its actual value to the field capacity, according to the water retention curve.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared thermometry to schedule irrigation of common bean

Lobo

Oliva

Resende

et al. 2004

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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-The objective of this work was to determine the critical irrigation time for common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Carioca) using infrared thermometry. Five treatments were analyzed. Canopy temperature differences between plants and a well-watered control about 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5±0.5ºC were tested. Physiological variables and plant growth were analyzed to establish the best time to irrigate. There was a significant linear correlation between the index and stomatal resistance, transpiration rate, and leaf water potential. Although significant linear correlation between the index and mean values of total dry matter, absolute growth rate, and leaf area index was found, no correlation was found with other growth index like relative growth rate, net assimilation rate, and leaf area ratio. Plants irrigated when their canopy temperature was 3±0.5ºC above the control had their relative growth rate mean value increased up to 59.7%, yielding 2,260.2 kg ha -1 , with a reduction of 38.0% in the amount of water used. Plants irrigated when their canopy temperature was 4±0.5ºC yielded 1,907.6 kg ha -1 , although their relative growth rate mean value was 4.0% below the control. These results show that the best moment to irrigate common bean is when their canopy temperature is between 3ºC and 4±0.5ºC above the control.Index terms: irrigation scheduling, water use efficiency, growth rate. Termometria ao infravermelho na programação da irrigação de feijoeiroResumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o momento crítico para efetuar a irrigação do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Carioca) utilizando a termometria ao infravermelho. Foram analisados cinco tratamentos. As diferenças entre a temperatura foliar das plantas e a de um controle mantido bem irrigado testadas foram de 1, 2, 3, 4 e 5±0,5ºC. Foram analisadas variáveis fisiológicas e de crescimento para identificar o melhor momento de irrigação. Encontrou-se uma correlação linear significativa entre o índice empregado e a resistência estomática, a taxa transpiratória e o potencial hídrico foliar. Embora tenha-se verificado uma correlação linear significativa entre o índice empregado e os valores médios da matéria seca total, da taxa de crescimento absoluto e do índice de área foliar, não se verificou qualquer correlação significativa com os demais índices de crescimento, como a taxa de crescimento relativo, a taxa assimilatória líquida e a razão de área foliar. As plantas irrigadas a uma temperatura foliar de 3±0,5ºC acima do controle apresentaram um incremento de 59,7% no valor médio da sua taxa de crescimento relativo, produzindo 2.260,2 kg ha -1 de grãos, com uma redução de 38,0% na quantidade de água aplicada. As plantas irrigadas a uma temperatura foliar de 4±0,5ºC acima do controle produziram 1.907,6 kg ha -1 de grãos, contudo o valor médio de sua taxa de crescimento relativo foi de 4,0% inferior ao controle. Estes resultados demonstram que o melhor momento de se irrigar o feijoeiro é quando apresentam temperatura foliar entre 3ºC e 4±0,5ºC acima do cont...

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“…The distance between individuals of the same species was between 0.5 and 1 m, whereas between individuals of different species was between 50 and 500 m. The mean height and diameter of the canopy for those individuals selected for the study were 142.50 ± 19.12 and 89.50 ± 8.06 cm, respectively. Soil water content (SWC, %) was determined gravimetrically (Rundel and Jarrell 1989) in April, June, September and October 2012. On each sampling date, three soil samples were collected beneath four different Columns indicate mean ± standard error (n = 4).…”

Section: Plant Materials and Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in functional and xylem anatomical features allow Cistus species to co-occur and cope differently with drought in the Mediterranean region

Torres‐Ruiz

Cochard²,

Fonseca

et al. 2017

Tree Physiology

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A significant increase in drought events frequency is predicted for the next decades induced by climate change, potentially affecting plant species mortality rates and distributions worldwide. The main trigger of plant mortality is xylem hydraulic failure due to embolism and induced by the low pressures at which water is transported through xylem. As the Mediterranean basin will be severely affected by climate change, the aim of this study was to provide novel information about drought resistance and tolerance of one of its most widely distributed and common genera as a case study: the genus Cistus. Different functional and anatomical traits were evaluated in four co-occurring Cistus species in the Mediterranean Montado ecosystem. Soil water availability for each species was also assessed to evaluate if they show different ecological niches within the area. Results showed physiological and xylem anatomical differences between the four co-occurring species, as well as in the soil water availability of the sites they occupy. Despite the significant differences in embolism resistance across species, no trade-off between hydraulic safety and efficiency was observed. Interestingly, species with narrower vessels showed lower resistance to embolism than those with higher proportions of large conduits. No correlation, however, was observed between resistance to embolism and wood density. The four species showed different water-use and drought-tolerance strategies, occupying different ecological niches that would make them cope differently with drought. These results will allow us to improve the predictions about the expected changes in vegetation dynamics in this area due to ongoing climate change.

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Water in the environment

Cited by 48 publications

References 91 publications

Fine root distribution and persistence under field conditions of three co‐occurring Great Basin species of different life form

Fine root distribution and persistence under field conditions of three co‐occurring Great Basin species of different life form

Infrared thermometry to schedule irrigation of common bean

Differences in functional and xylem anatomical features allow Cistus species to co-occur and cope differently with drought in the Mediterranean region

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