Water Loss from the Floor of a Subarctic Forest

Lafleur, Peter M.; Schreader, Cheryl P.

doi:10.2307/1551778

Cited by 29 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Aerodynamic resistance r a (d/m) was calculated following methods outlined in Brutsaert (1975), Shuttleworth (1993) and Monteith (1981). Canopy resistance r c (d/m) was calculated with the revised version of the Jarvis (1976) and Verseghy et al (1993) expressions (Lafleur and Schreader, 1994). Spence and Rouse (2002) reported an accuracy of 20% with methods similar to those selected for this study.…”

Section: Lake Soil and Bedrock Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

Storage dynamics and streamflow in a catchment with a variable contributing area

Spence

Guan

Phillips

et al. 2010

Hydrological Processes

109

123

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Abstract:Storage heterogeneity effects on runoff generation have been well documented at the hillslope or plot scale. However, diversity across catchments can increase the range of storage conditions. Upscaling the influence of small-scale storage on streamflow across the usually more heterogeneous environment of the catchment has been difficult. The objective of this study was to observe the distribution of storage in a heterogeneous catchment and evaluate its significance and potential influence on streamflow. The study was conducted in the subarctic Canadian Shield: a region with extensive bedrock outcrops, shallow predominantly organic soils, discontinuous permafrost and numerous water bodies. Even when summer runoff was generated from bedrock hillslopes with small storage capacities, intermediary locations with large storage capacities, particularly headwater lakes, prevented water from transmitting to higher order streams. The topographic bounds of the basin thus constituted the maximum potential contributing area to streamflow and rarely the actual area. Topographic basin storage had little relation to basin streamflow, but hydrologically connected storage exhibited a strong hysteretic relationship with streamflow. This relationship defines the form of catchment function such that the basin can be defined by a series of storing and contributing curves comparable with the wetting and drying curves used in relating tension and hydraulic conductivity to water content in unsaturated soils. These curves may prove useful for catchment classification and elucidating predominant hydrological processes.

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Section: Lake Soil and Bedrock Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

Storage dynamics and streamflow in a catchment with a variable contributing area

Spence

Guan

Phillips

et al. 2010

Hydrological Processes

109

123

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“…Contour intervals are 0.5 m. Flow is from Lake 690 at the left to Vital Lake at the right. The picture of the wetland in the lower panel is looking upstream towards Lake 690 Verseghy et al (1993) expressions using environmental conductance functions of incoming solar radiation and D (Lafleur and Schreader 1994). Parts of the wetland were flooded throughout the study period.…”

Section: Water Budgetmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Hydrological Functions of a Boreal Wetland

2011

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Wetlands are important to boreal catchment hydrology and water chemistry regimes because they are often situated at the outlet of headwater basins. There is understanding of runoff and geochemical processes that predominate in these wetlands. However, an investigation to improve understanding of the dynamic of hydrological function is absent. This paper addresses the nature of the collection, storage, transmitting and contributing functions of one typical wetland in Canada's Precambrian Shield. The majority of water enters from the larger upstream watershed. Excess water from this source is stored near the bisecting stream, where it interacts little with water collected from other sources. Outflow from the wetland is dominated by surface runoff. There were two hydrological functional phases during the study. During the first phase, the wetland merely transmitted streamflow from higher parts of the watershed. There was a diversity of hydrological function during the second portion of the study. Outflow chemistry during this second phase indicates that even when the wetland was contributing, outflow was composed of water that had very little residence time in the wetland. These results have implications for how hydrological models represent heterogeneous catchment conditions or how they may be coupled to biogeochemical models.

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“…Following the daily readings, water was added to each pan so that their water levels were brought back to that of the fixed marks. In addition, 10 soil lysimeters (0Ð19-m diameter; same as the evaporation pans) were used to measure the daily evapotranspiration from lichen and moss surfaces gravimetrically following the method of Lafleur and Schreader (1994). As drainage was not permitted, the monolith of soil and the surface vegetation in the lysimeters were carefully replaced after large rain events.…”

Section: Evapotranspirationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The greater evaporative loss from moss soils relative to those underlain by lichen was mostly due to the differences in nearsurface moisture availability (as detailed in the following section). The difference in evaporation rates between moss and melt water pools was most likely due to the water wicking capability of moss species (Vitt, 2000), their greater aerodynamic roughness compared to pools, and to their higher landscape position relative to the pools (Lafleur and Schreader, 1994). Mean daily evapotranspiration for the plateau weighted according to the proportion of moss, lichen and pools was 1Ð4 š 0Ð5 mm for the 2004 study period, and 1Ð5 š 0Ð5 mm for the 2005 study period.…”

Section: Snowmelt (M) Rainfall (P) and Evapotranspiration (Et)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hillslope runoff from an ice‐cored peat plateau in a discontinuous permafrost basin, Northwest Territories, Canada

Wright

Quinton

Hayashi

2008

Hydrological Processes

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Abstract:Peat plateaus are important landscape features of many high-boreal, wetland-dominated drainage basins. Raised up to 2 m above the surrounding landscape and underlain by permafrost, these forested peatlands provide meltwater drainage to the surrounding wetlands, and to basin runoff. Understanding the factors that control the volume and timing of runoff from peat plateaus is the essential first step towards developing methods of accurately predicting basin runoff from wetland-dominated basins in the region of discontinuous permafrost, as well as understanding the basin response to hydrological changes brought on by the thermal degradation and thaw of permafrost peatlands. In this study, a water balance approach and the Dupuit-Forchheimer equation were used to quantify sub-surface runoff from a forested peat plateau at Scotty Creek, a small (152 km 2 ), wetlanddominated discontinuous permafrost basin in Northwest Territories, Canada. These two computations yielded similar results in both years of study (2004)(2005), and showed that runoff accounted for approximately half of the moisture loss from the peat plateau, most of which occurred in response to snowmelt inputs. The melt of ground ice was also a significant source of water during the study periods, which was largely detained in soil storage. Soil moisture conditions prior to soil freezing were a major factor controlling the volume of runoff from the hillslope. Sub-surface drainage rates declined dramatically after the snowmelt runoff period, when the majority of water inputs went to soil storage and evapotranspiration. The minimal lag between rain events and hydrograph response in both years suggests that much of the runoff produced from rain events is rapidly transported to the adjacent wetlands. These results give insight into how current climate warming predictions for northern latitudes could affect the hydrological response of forested peat plateaus, and the basins which they occupy.

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Water Loss from the Floor of a Subarctic Forest

Cited by 29 publications

References 12 publications

Storage dynamics and streamflow in a catchment with a variable contributing area

Storage dynamics and streamflow in a catchment with a variable contributing area

The Hydrological Functions of a Boreal Wetland

Hillslope runoff from an ice‐cored peat plateau in a discontinuous permafrost basin, Northwest Territories, Canada

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