Water losses and the political constraints to demand management: the case of the City of Mutare, Zimbabwe

Gumbo, Bekithemba; Zaag, Pieter van der

doi:10.1016/s1474-7065(02)00069-4

Cited by 45 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…It is clear that water transmission projects and its policies are strongly related to socio-economic and politics indicators. This fact obviously can be seen in big and governmental projects, where politic force is the most important factor to stimulate the project [21]. Thus in such cases, like Dez to Qomrood water transmission project in Iran, due to government domination, all controls are under power of central government, however, in this research we assume principle basin (Dez) as upstream and destination basin (Qomrood) as downstream.…”

Section: Water Allocation Model and Water Transmission Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter-Basin Water Transfer Projects and Climate Change: The Role of Allocation Protocols in Economic Efficiency of the Project. Case Study: Dez to Qomrood Inter-Basin Water Transmission Project (Iran)

Maknoon¹,

Kazem²,

Hasanzadeh³

2012

JWARP

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Nowadays, there is a growing emphasis on Inter-basin water transfer projects as costly activities with ambiguous effects on environment, society and economy. Since the concept of climate change was in its embryonic phase before 1990's, the majority of these projects planned before that period have not considered the effect of long term variation of water resources. In all of these numerous operational and under-construction projects, an intelligent selection of the best water transmission protocol, can help the governments to optimize their expenditures on these projects ,and also can help water resources managers to face climate change effects wisely. In this paper as a case study, Dez to Qomrood inter-basin water transfer project is considered to evaluate the efficiency of three different protocols in long term. The effect of climate change has been forecasted via a wide range of GCMs (Global Circulation Model) in order to calculate the change of flow in the basin's area with different climate scenarios. After these calculation, a water allocation model has been used to evaluate which of these three water transmission protocols (Proportional Allocation (PA), Fix Upstream allocation (FU), and Fix Downstream allocation (FD)) is the most efficient logic switch economically in a framework including both upstream and downstream stakeholders. As the final result, it can be inferred that Fix Downstream allocation (FD) protocol can supply more population especially with urban water for a fix expense and also is the most adapted protocol with future global change, at least in the first round of sustainability assessment.

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Section: Water Allocation Model and Water Transmission Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter-Basin Water Transfer Projects and Climate Change: The Role of Allocation Protocols in Economic Efficiency of the Project. Case Study: Dez to Qomrood Inter-Basin Water Transmission Project (Iran)

Maknoon¹,

Kazem²,

Hasanzadeh³

2012

JWARP

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“…This fact obviously can be seen in huge and national projects in which the government financial support is the most important related factor (Gumbo & Van der Zaag, 2002). Thus in this case, all allocations are under domination of central government.…”

Section: Environmental Management and Sustainable Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Transmission Protocols and Sustainable Development in Face of Climate Change. Case study: Urban water supply in Dez to Qomrood Water Transmission Project, Iran

Kazem

Hasanzadeh²,

Maknoon³

2013

EMSD

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Central area of Iran is located in a dry-semi dry region which suffers from fresh water scarcity. Since water shortage has been known as the most important factor that threatens sustainable development, this area faces serious problem in this matter. Furthermore, growing rate of population exacerbates this critical condition. As a solution, several inter-basin water transfer projects, such as under construction Dez to Qomrood water transmission project, have been considered to overcome this difficulty. Three water allocation protocols are supposed in this project: Proportional Allocation (PA), Fix Upstream allocation

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“…IWRM is a process which promotes the multi-sectoral development and management of water in order to maximize economic and social welfare in an equitable manner without compromising the sustainability of vital ecosystems and the environment (GWP 2000). IWRM accounts for the hydrological cycle, quality and quantity concerns, diversity of users and administrative responsibilities at various scales, distribution of resources and temporal variability, connections to land use and transboundary claims (Gumbo, B., and Van der Zaag, P., 2002). IWRM further intends to bring together and broaden the range of environmental and social values (e.g.…”

Section: Ntegratedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM): A Case Study of Durlung Watershed, Bagmati Zone, Nepal

Khanna

Shrestha²,

Maskey³

et al. 2016

Hydro Nepal

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Water in Nepal is a key strategic natural resource, which has potential to leads all round development and economic growth of the country. Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) is a holistic management approach, integrating land water interaction, socio-economic groups, upstream downstream relations, indigenous knowledge, and institutions built up, along the temporal dimensions based on an agreed set of principles. It is a Bottom-up decentralized approach for the management of water resources. IWRM is a challenge to conventional practices, attitudes and professional certainties. It confronts entrenched sectoral interest and requires that the water resources are managed holistically for the benefits of all.The broad objective of the multidisciplinary study was to assess the possibilities of human dimensions of water resource development and its management. Water resource accounting is done by the collection of water resources data through participatory group formation. Scientific data of hydro and metrological stations was also acquired. Hydrological modeling tools were also used. Feasibility of hydropower plant and potential of power production in the basin was readily estimated.Total daily discharge of the Durlung Watershed was estimated on an average as 157 Million Liters. Rivers of the watershed are turbulent, unsteady and flowing with very high current, which can be utilized by local people for low cost drinking water, tourism, irrigation and hydropower generation. Micro-hydropower production possibilities in Ratan and Deuta River has shown multidimensional positive impacts on socio-economic development of the region level of community partnership in IWRM and synchronization with the Local, District and National level institutional framework for Basin Management was observed to be satisfactory. Participatory research was carried out to identify water resource base with school and community partnership. Community motive, their difficulties and gaps in community level organization were identified. Capabilities of community, to take over the responsibilities of IWRM concept, there is a lot more need of training and capacity building for now.

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Water losses and the political constraints to demand management: the case of the City of Mutare, Zimbabwe

Cited by 45 publications

References 2 publications

Inter-Basin Water Transfer Projects and Climate Change: The Role of Allocation Protocols in Economic Efficiency of the Project. Case Study: Dez to Qomrood Inter-Basin Water Transmission Project (Iran)

Inter-Basin Water Transfer Projects and Climate Change: The Role of Allocation Protocols in Economic Efficiency of the Project. Case Study: Dez to Qomrood Inter-Basin Water Transmission Project (Iran)

Water Transmission Protocols and Sustainable Development in Face of Climate Change. Case study: Urban water supply in Dez to Qomrood Water Transmission Project, Iran

Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM): A Case Study of Durlung Watershed, Bagmati Zone, Nepal

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