“…Recently, alkaline PEM fuel cells have garnered great interest because several potential advantages over acidic PEM fuel cells have also been recognized, such as: a faster oxygen reduction reaction, which allows the use of cost-effective, non-Pt-based catalysts, including nickel-and silver-based materials [16e19]; a less corrosive environment allowing inexpensive component materials to be used [20]; decreased fuel crossover rates [21e23] allowing the possibility of using low-cost membranes [24e28]; the improved water management because the electro-osmotic drag transports water away from the cathode; the reduced alcohol "crossover" problem because OH À anions move across the membrane as opposed to H þ ions in an acidic membrane [29]; as well as the mitigated CO poisoning. In addition, alkaline PEM fuel cells can use many different fuels such as H 2 , CH 3 OH, CH 3 CH 2 OH, CH 3 CHOHCH 3 , (CH 3 OH) 2 , NaBH 4 ,, although hydrogen and methanol are still considered the two major ones.…”