Water maze training in aged rats: effects on brain metabolic capacity and behavior

Villarreal, Julissa S.; González-Lima, Francisco; Berndt, Jason D.; Barea-Rodrı́guez, Edwin J.

doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(02)02545-3

Cited by 47 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Moreover, LA pCREB levels decreased from the 1st to the 5th extinction session, suggesting a differential contribution of LA pCREB during the early and late stages of extinction. Accordingly, a narrow and highly specific time window for the involvement of the amygdala in the emotional modulation of hippocampus-dependent spatial learning has been reported (Villarreal et al, 2002;Conejo et al, 2010). Finally, our findings are also in line with previous studies providing evidence that differential ERK2 and CREB activation patterns within the amygdala following spatial learning under low versus high stress conditions, with amygdala activation only under high levels of stress (Akirav et al, 2001;Kogan and Richter-levin, 2008).…”

Section: Extinction Produces Regionally Selective Alterations Of Crebsupporting

confidence: 92%

Extinction of spatial memory alters CREB phosphorylation in hippocampal CA1

et al. 2010

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Although the importance of cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation in long-term memory formation is well documented for hippocampus-dependent tasks, little is known about the changes in phosphorylated CREB (pCREB) that occur during the process of extinction. The purpose of this study was to characterize the temporal patterns of pCREB in the CA1 and the amygdala after the extinction of previously acquired spatial information in the water maze. Mice were trained to find a hidden platform located at a fixed position and then were given extinction sessions in which the platform was either absent (NoPF) or relocated every day (RandomPF). We show that water maze spatial training evoked a biphasic response of pCREB in the CA1, with two different peaks occurring 15 min and 8 h postacquisition. The extinction of the original spatial preference significantly reduced the two peaks of CA1 pCREB in both RandomPF and NoPF groups whereas CA1 pCREB at 60 min post-training remained unaffected. Moreover, the early and late phases of extinction training produced regionally dissociable effects on pCREB in the CA1 and the lateral nucleus of the amygdala. These findings provide new insights on the molecular dynamics and anatomical dissociations underlying spatial memory and extinction learning.

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Section: Extinction Produces Regionally Selective Alterations Of Crebsupporting

confidence: 92%

Extinction of spatial memory alters CREB phosphorylation in hippocampal CA1

et al. 2010

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“…As neuronal activity (and consequent need for ATP) increases or decreases, cytochrome oxidase activity adjusts accordingly to meet neuronal demand for ATP. Our previous studies using different learning paradigms such as classical conditioning (Poremba et al 1998) and the Morris water maze (Villarreal et al 2002) indicate that changes in cytochrome oxidase activity require several days of training. Therefore, measuring cytochrome oxidase activity is well suited for evaluating the effects of MB on the brain over the postextinction phase.…”

Section: Mb Increases Overall Brain Oxidative Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extinction Memory Improvement by the Metabolic Enhancer Methylene Blue

González-Lima¹,

Bruchey²

2004

Learn. Mem.

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We investigated whether postextinction administration of methylene blue (MB) could enhance retention of an extinguished conditioned response. MB is a redox compound that at low doses elevates cytochrome oxidase activity, thereby improving brain energy production. Saline or MB (4 mg/kg intraperitoneally) were administered to rats for 5 d following extinction training of tone-footshock conditioning. Postextinction freezing was lower in rats receiving MB compared with saline, suggesting that MB improved retention of the extinction memory. The MB effect was specific to tone-evoked freezing because there were no differences in pretone freezing. Control subjects similarly injected with MB showed no evidence of nonspecific effects on measures of motor activity and fearfulness. MB-treated rats exhibited both greater retention of extinction and greater overall brain metabolic activity. Rats with higher retention of extinction also showed a relative increase in cytochrome oxidase activity in prefrontal cortical regions, especially anterior infralimbic cortex, dorsal and medial frontal cortex, and lateral orbital cortex. These regional metabolic increases were also correlated to the behavioral freezing index used to assess retention of extinction. It was concluded that MB administered postextinction could enhance retention of extinction memory through an increase in brain cytochrome oxidase activity.

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“…Studies in primates reveal that the LHb is part of a circuit that provides a neural representation of negative reward-related signals (Matsumoto and Hikosaka, 2007) and thus plays an important role in the adjustment of behavioral strategies. In addition, the LHb is vulnerable to the neurotoxic effects of addictive drugs such as amphetamine and cocaine (Ellison, 2002), it has been implicated in circadian behavior with some cells responding to retinal illumination and showing rhythmic responses (Zhao and Rusak, 2005), and is involved in cognitive functions such as spatial learning (Villarreal et al, 2002;Lecourtier et al, 2004) and attention (Lecourtier and Kelly, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphologic and immunohistochemical organization of the human habenular complex

Díaz

Bravo

Rojas

et al. 2011

J of Comparative Neurology

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The habenular complex (HbCpx) is a phylogenetically conserved brain structure located in the epithalamus of vertebrates. Despite its fundamental role in decision-making processes and the proposed link between habenular dysfunction and neuropsychiatric conditions, little is known about the structural and functional organization of the HbCpx in humans. The goal of this study was thus to provide a first systematic morphologic and immunohistochemical analysis of the human HbCpx to begin dissecting its nuclear and subnuclear organization. Our results confirmed that the human HbCpx is subdivided into medial (MHb) and lateral (LHb) nuclei, each showing a large degree of intranuclear morphologic heterogeneity. Analysis of serially stained sections using a combination of morphologic and immunohistochemical criteria allowed the distinction of five subnuclei in both the MHb and LHb. Overall, the observed subnuclear organization of the MHb in humans resembles the organization of subnuclei in the MHb of rats. The shape, relative size, and intranuclear organization of the LHb, however, show significant differences. The contribution of the LHb to the entire HbCpx is about five times larger in humans than in rats. Noteworthy, a dorsal domain of the LHb that contains afferent myelinated fibers from the stria medullaris and shows GABA-(B) -R(1) immunoreactive cells, appears substantially enlarged in humans when compared to rats. This feature seems to account for a large part of the relative growth in size of the LHb in humans and opens the intriguing possibility of an increased influence of limbic and striatal afferents into the LHb of humans.

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Water maze training in aged rats: effects on brain metabolic capacity and behavior

Cited by 47 publications

References 38 publications

Extinction of spatial memory alters CREB phosphorylation in hippocampal CA1

Extinction of spatial memory alters CREB phosphorylation in hippocampal CA1

Extinction Memory Improvement by the Metabolic Enhancer Methylene Blue

Morphologic and immunohistochemical organization of the human habenular complex

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