Water movement in desert soil traced by hydrogen and oxygen isotopes, chloride, and chlorine-36, southern Arizona

Liu, Beiling; Phillips, Fred M.; Hoines, Susan; Campbell, Andrew R.; Sharma, Pankaj

doi:10.1016/0022-1694(94)02646-s

Cited by 87 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Using the vapour diffusion equation, the evaporation in the quasi-steady Table 1. state stage was estimated. The parameters used in the calculation are 0.67 for tortuosity (t), 0.52 for porosity (n) obtained as the average n of the field; 1 for relative humidity at the evaporation front (h ef ) (Liu et al, 1995), 1 g cm -3…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, the first stage of evaporation probably accounts for the differences between the estimated second stage of evaporation and the expected annual evaporation (Liu et al, 1995 more water available for infiltration, possibly due to covering of the soil surface by residue and a more organic surface. 3.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the quasi steady-state, during the second stage of evaporation from the soil surface, the evaporation rate (E) from the evaporation front was estimated using Fick law (Liu et al, 1995): where T is in °C (Ebrahimi et al, 2004), t (dimensionless) is tortuosity, n (%) is soil porosity, q (v/v) is the volumetric soil water content, h (%) is relative humidity, N s (g cm -3 ) is saturated water vapour density as a function of temperature obtained from List Smithsonian Meteorological Tables (Kostinski and Cantrell, 2008), r (g cm -3 ) is the density of water, Z (cm) is depth, and subscripts ef and a represent evaporation front and free air, respectively. The volumetric soil water content was measured using a time domain reflectometer or TDR (Ferré and Topp, 2002) with 7.5 cm (short) prongs (Field scout TDR 100/200, Spectrum Technologies, Inc. http://www.spectmeters.com).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimation of soil water evaporative loss after tillage operation using the stable isotope technique

Busari¹,

Salako²,

Tuniz³

et al. 2013

International Agrophysics

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A b s t r a c t. Application of stable isotopes in soil studies has improved quantitative evaluation of evaporation and other hydrological processes in soil. This study was carried out to determine the effect of tillage on evaporative loss of water from the soil. Zero tillage and conventional tillage were compared. Suction tubes were installed for soil water collection at the depths 0.15, 0.50, and 1.0 m by pumping soil water with a peristaltic pump. Soil water evaporation was estimated using stable isotopes of water. The mean isotopic composition of the soil water at 0.15 m soil depth were -1.15‰ (d 18 O) and -0.75‰ (dD) and were highly enriched compared with the isotopic compositions of the site precipitation. Soil water stable isotopes (d 18 O and dD) were more enriched near the surface under zero tillage while they were less negative down the profile under zero tillage. This suggests an occurrence of more evaporation and infiltration under conventional then zero tillage, respectively, because evaporative fractionation contributes to escape of lighter isotopes from liquid into the vapour phase leading to enrichment in heavy isotopes in the liquid phase. The annual evaporation estimated using the vapour diffusion equation ranges from 46-70 and 54-84 mm year -1 under zero and conventional tillage, respectively, indicating more evaporation under conventional tillage compared with zero tillage. Therefore, to reduce soil water loss, adoption of conservation tillage practices such as zero tillage is encouraged.K e y w o r d s: evaporative loss, tillage, isotopic fractionation, isotope technique INTRODUCTIONTillage is mechanical manipulation of the soil for the purpose of crop production and it affects significantly soil characteristics such as soil water conservation, soil temperature, infiltration and evapotranspiration processes. As tillage is known to cause soil surface disruption, fractionation of stable isotopes following soil tillage has been documented (Angela et al., 2009). Although tilled plots may have very high initial infiltration rate values, these rates rapidly decline with time (Guzha, 2004) probably due to intense alteration of the top centimetres of the soil (Josa et al., 2010) and rapid structural deterioration caused by slaking and dispersion. However, due to the effect of increased soil organic matter (Lipiec et al., 2006) and soil surface protection, high infiltration under zero tilled (ZT) plots have been documented (Shukla et al., 2003). According to Gupta et al. (2004) less intense tillage keeps the crop residue at the soil surface, thereby increasing the activity of surface-feeding earthworms, leaving the root channels undisturbed, leading to the presence of numerous surface-connected macro-pores and inter-pedal, hence higher infiltration. It has been reported that lower soil temperature due to higher water content in the topsoil and more plant residues on the soil surface under ZT usually result in reduced evaporation, whereas the opening of topsoil enhances evaporation from the tille...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Estimation of soil water evaporative loss after tillage operation using the stable isotope technique

Busari¹,

Salako²,

Tuniz³

et al. 2013

International Agrophysics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Zimmermann (1967b) reported the effect of soil water evaporation on the stable isotopic compositions. After that, the variation of deuterium and Oxygen composition in soil water has been determined in many later studies Allison 1983, 1984;Allison et al 1984;Bengtsson et al 1987;Walker et al 1988; Barnes and Walker 1989;Midwood et al 1993;Liu et al 1995;Gehrels et al 1998;Gazis and Feng 2004). The experiments on vegetated soil water were also rarely carried out.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracing infiltration and recharge using stable isotope in Taihang Mt., North China

Song

Tang

et al. 2007

Environ Geol

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The groundwater in headwater region is an important recharge source for the adjacent mountain-front plain. In order to reveal the relationship among precipitation, soil water and groundwater, from June to September in 2004, stable isotopes (deuterium and oxygen-18) in precipitation and soil waters at the depths of 10, 20, 30, 50, 70, 90, and 110 cm were analyzed at two sites covered by black locust (Robinia Pseudoacia L.) (Site A) and grass predominated by Themeda triandra (T. japonica (Willd.) Tanaka) and Bothriochloa ischaemum (B. ischaemum (L.) Keng) (Site B) in an experimental catchment at Taihang Mt., North China, respectively. The d18 O of precipitation in daily rain events shows large variations (-13.3 to -4.3&) with a mean of 8.1&. The d18 O and d D of soil waters along profiles in two sites suggest that the influence of canopy cover was just up to 10 cm in top soil water. The soil water moved over the zero flux plane at 70 cm in-depth is expected to escape the evaporative effect at the end of September in both sites. The results show that the stable isotope, instead of tritium as tradition, can be used to trace the soil water behaviors based on the movement of isotopic peak along the vertical profiles in this semi-arid and semihumid mountainous region. The infiltration depths of soil water in Taihang Mt. are 12 and 10 mm/day from June to September in 2004 in Site A and Site B, respectively. Tracing by stable isotope, recharge fluxes of soil water to local groundwater are of 3.8 and 3.2 mm/day in Site A and Site B, respectively. The results provide desirable information for assessment of local groundwater resources.

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“…The 50-cm thickness of the darker (10YR 4/3) mineral surface layer of the Usery profile was unexpected because surface horizons in Aridisols are usually thin (5-10 cm) due to evapotranspiration and a consequent decrease in profile development. This evaporative demand largely drives near-surface soil development processes in aridic (torric) moisture regimes (Liu et al, 1995). The thicker surface layer was possibly an artifact of grading activities involved in developing an adjacent roadbed, such that additional surface material was layered over the native soils (see Lyford and Qashu, 1969).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydropedological Assessments of Parcel-Level Infiltration in an Arid Urban Ecosystem

Shuster

Dadio²,

Burkman

et al. 2014

Soil Science Society of America Journal

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soil morphology and correspondent hydrologic data can contribute to qualifying and quantifying urban soil suitability and capacity to cycle stormwater runoff. We put particular emphasis on the possibility that residential parcels may manage their own stormwater on pervious yard areas. We assessed the morphology of Aridisol pedons (as deep cores to approximately the 3.6-m depth) via soil taxonomy, performed in situ measurements of infiltration, and measured subsoil hydraulic conductivity in two desert parks, four residential parcels, and three dual-purpose park-stormwater retention basins in the Phoenix, AZ, metropolitan area. Infiltration rates overall ranged between 0.4 and 1.7 cm h −1 . We used borehole hydraulic conductivity as a proxy for drainage, which ranged from a low of 0.0 to 13 cm h −1 . Representing a baseline, or set of "natural" hydrologic processes, native desert sites exhibited a relatively high capacity to infiltrate and redistribute rainfall, which, depending on storm intensity, may drain to washes or ephemeral streambeds via subsurface runoff. simulations of stormwater runoff on residential parcels showed that when rooftop runoff is directed to pervious patches, rainfall is entirely infiltrated and redistributed, which predicts good potential for parcel-level stormwater management. Our observation of an accumulation of fine sediments in retention basin surface soils was corroborated with local observations that drawdown times in the retention basins had increased with time. Although further assessment is needed on a wider variety of semiarid landscapes, our results suggest a positive role for residential parcels in detaining stormwater on site and perhaps easing the wet-weather burden on centralized stormwater infrastructure in semiarid urban ecosystems.

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Water movement in desert soil traced by hydrogen and oxygen isotopes, chloride, and chlorine-36, southern Arizona

Cited by 87 publications

References 20 publications

Estimation of soil water evaporative loss after tillage operation using the stable isotope technique

Estimation of soil water evaporative loss after tillage operation using the stable isotope technique

Tracing infiltration and recharge using stable isotope in Taihang Mt., North China

Hydropedological Assessments of Parcel-Level Infiltration in an Arid Urban Ecosystem

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