Water pathways through the ages: Integrated laundry wastewater treatment for pollution prevention

Ho, Kah Chun; Teow, Yeit Haan; Sum, Jing Yao; Ng, Zhe Jia; Mohammad, Abdul Wahab

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143966

Cited by 35 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…The water scarcity issue can be addressed through efficient water reuse and recycling, thereby reducing the need for and load of wastewater treatment before the water is discharged into water bodies and then treating again for usage [1,2]. Reusing water and detergent from the laundry industry is an attractive method to combat water shortage; it increases economic viability and protects the environment due to the detrimental impact of excess waste detergent [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-Low-Pressure Membrane Filtration for Simultaneous Recovery of Detergent and Water from Laundry Wastewater

Khery¹,

Daniar²,

Nawi

et al. 2022

Membranes

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Reusing water and excess detergent from the laundry industry has become an attractive method to combat water shortages. Membrane filtration is considered an advanced technique and highly attractive due to its excellent advantages. However, the conventional membrane filtration method suffers from membrane fouling, which restricts its performance and diminishes its economic viability. This study assesses the preliminary performance of submerged, gravity-driven membrane filtration—under ultra-low trans-membrane pressure (△P) of <0.1 bar—to combat membrane fouling issues for detergent and water recovery from laundry wastewater. The results show that even under ultra-low pressure, the membrane suffered from compaction that lowered its permeability by 14% under △P of 6 and 10 kPa, with corresponding permeabilities of 2085 ± 259 and 1791 ± 42 L/(m2 h bar). Filtration of a detergent solution also led to up to 8% permeability loss due to membrane fouling. During the filtration of laundry wastewater, 80–91% permeability loss was observed, leading to the lowest flux of 15.6 L/(m2·h) at △P of 10 kPa, 38% lower than △P of 6 kPa (of 25.2 L/(m2·h)). High △P led to both the membrane and the foulant compaction inflating the filtration resistance. The system could recover 83.6% of excess residual detergent, while most micelles were rejected (ascribed from 71% of COD removal). The TDS content could not be retained, disallowing maximum resource recovery. A gravity-driven filtration system can be self-sustained with minimum supervision in residential and industrial laundries. Nevertheless, a detailed study on long-term filtration performance and multiple cleaning cycles is still required in the future.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-Low-Pressure Membrane Filtration for Simultaneous Recovery of Detergent and Water from Laundry Wastewater

Khery¹,

Daniar²,

Nawi

et al. 2022

Membranes

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“…From the results, lower concentrations of Cr are normally in places less or not present in any urban and industrial areas. The main sources of the Cr can originate from industrial activities and laundry activities [22]. The higher concentration of Cr in the Perai river might be due to factories along the river.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy metals level in the surficial sediment from Perai River of Penang, Malaysia

Foo

Ecklyn

Tan

et al. 2021

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Perai river is one of the important rivers to Penang and Kedah states. Many industries are located along the river that flows to the Strait of Malacca. In order to gather the status of pollution along the river, a total of 47 stations were established to measure the heavy metals content and the sediment characteristics. Findings show that finer sediments had dominated all sampling sites as samples are mostly muddy sediment. The heavy metal concentration in the surficial sediment was analyzed using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer after the Teflon Bomb digestion method. The average concentration for Zn, Cr, Cu, Cd, Pb were 74.7±33.3, 66.0±28.1, 21.8±9.05, 0.42±0.32, and 28.6±6.84 μg/g dry weights, respectively. Generally, the concentration of metals studied seemed to be controlled by natural processes. This is proved by the enrichment factor, categorized as a deficiency to minimal enrichment, and can be concluded to be the main source from the lithogenous in origin. The sources of the heavy metals in some of the stations in the Perai river are speculated from the nearby urban runoff, industry activities along with the river, fishing and shipping activities, and land transportation emission may also accumulate for the pollution in the river.

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“…[21]. However, with increased water pollution in China and an increase in the difficulty and intensity of treatment, it is difficult to modify ordinary technology for wastewater treatment needs [22]. In this context, in order to improve the comprehensive level and status quo of wastewater treatment in China, improving company R&D input is key [23].…”

Section: Company Randd Input and Company Operating Incomementioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of R&D Input on Operating Income of Chinese Wastewater Treatment Companies—With Patent Performance as a Mediating Variable

Xiao-feng

Chen

Zhu

et al. 2022

Water

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The Chinese government is actively promoting green and low-carbon transformation for economic and social development, especially in the wastewater treatment industry. This article uses regression analysis to study the impact of company R&D input on patent performance and company operating income for different regulatory environments and regions. Companies in the wastewater treatment industries of the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges from 2013 to 2020 are selected as research samples. The results show that there is a partial mediating effect of patent performance between company R&D input and company operating income; the stimulative effect of company R&D input is strongest in a high external-high internal environment; this stimulative effect is also more significant in the three strategic regions when compared with other regions. The findings suggest that company R&D input can promote company operating income. Thus, wastewater treatment enterprises should establish complete R&D systems to improve their innovative output capabilities. Enterprises in more developed regions should play a leading role in undertaking technological innovation. Furthermore, the government should formulate policies to improve the capacity of companies to conduct wastewater treatment and continue down the road of green development.

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Water pathways through the ages: Integrated laundry wastewater treatment for pollution prevention

Cited by 35 publications

References 104 publications

Ultra-Low-Pressure Membrane Filtration for Simultaneous Recovery of Detergent and Water from Laundry Wastewater

Ultra-Low-Pressure Membrane Filtration for Simultaneous Recovery of Detergent and Water from Laundry Wastewater

Heavy metals level in the surficial sediment from Perai River of Penang, Malaysia

The Effect of R&D Input on Operating Income of Chinese Wastewater Treatment Companies—With Patent Performance as a Mediating Variable

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