Water permeability, water retention capacity, and thermal resistance of green roof layers made with recycled and artificial aggregates

Sensitivity analysis and weather condition effects on hygrothermal performance of green roof models characterized by recycled and artificial materials’ properties

“…The corresponding difference in the dry state was 5.3%, as presented by Kazemi et al [30]. Following that, measurements and presentations of three key indicators, including Rc-value, water permeability, and water retention capacity, were made by Kazemi et al [5] for different substrate and drainage materials, and their outputs were compared with each other. The results showed that in comparison to SP, the water retention capacity of SC was nearly 1.2 times.…”

“…This study mainly focused on green roof models with substrate and drainage layers, as coarse artificial and recycled aggregates could be used only for these two layers of green roof systems. As Kazemi et al (Kazemi et al, 2023) suggested, three commercial drainage materials: RCA, IMSWA, and LECA were considered where NCA was supposed to control coarse granular aggregate. IMSWA included the crushed brick, crushed glass, crushed aggregate, inert waste, and crushed ceramic.…”

“…Green roofs' ability to provide thermal protection may help buildings to use less energy and experience less thermal load [1][2][3][4]. Also, the configuration (thickness) of drainage and substrate layers and their materials' thermal and physical properties can affect the insulation performance and water-holding capacity of green roof systems [5][6][7]. On the other hand, since green roofs with different materials' characteristics can be highly affected by climate conditions [8][9][10][11][12], their thermal performance and workability have been assessed under different weather conditions.…”

“…Long-term experimental and modeling efforts have been conducted by Kazemi et al [5,6,9,29,30] to evaluate the hygrothermal, physical, and configuration of the drainage layer and substrate of green roofs made of artificial and recycled components. Kazemi et al [5] suggested three commercial drainage materials as artificial and recycled production: Lightweight Expanded Clay Aggregate (LECA), Incinerated Municipal Solid Waste Aggregate (IMSWA), and Recycled Coarse Aggregate (RCA). Their results were compared with Natural Coarse Aggregate (NCA) as a control coarse granular aggregate.…”

Artificial lightweight aggregate made from alternative and waste raw materials, hardened using the hybrid method

“…Regardless of the uses of arti cial aggregates in concrete production, LWA is worth investigating in particular to minimize environmental problems, along with maintaining long-term sustainability through improving water quality ( ltration) (White 2009) or as a substrate for green roofs to mitigate the urban heat island effect ( Liu 2016Kazemi M 2023. As a sustainable ecosystem system, the green roof is known for its ability to provide thermal resilience and buffer surface runoff of stormwater in urban areas.…”