Water Policy and Management in Chile

Prieto, Manuel; Fragkou, María Christina; Calderón, Matías

doi:10.1002/9781119300762.wsts0055

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The area of HAW is located within the “Lithium Triangle,” a region of the Andes (including parts of Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile) that contains greater than half of the world’s lithium reserves. This situation is exacerbated by a water management system based on private rights and markets 18 and the current lithium boom.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limnological response from high-altitude wetlands to the water supply in the Andean Altiplano

García-Sanz

Heine-Fuster

Luque

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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The Andean Altiplano-Puna is located at an elevation of approximately 4000 m.a.s.l. and is delineated by the Western and the Eastern Andes Cordillera. The high-altitude wetlands (HAWs) in the Central Andes are unique ecosystems located in the Altiplano that provide many ecosystem services. The objective of this study was to characterize the spatial heterogeneity of the environmental conditions associated with varying hydrology of the HAW, Salar de Tara, in the Andean Altiplano. Sediment samples of up to 20 cm in depth were obtained from various salt flat sub-environments. The samples were analyzed using proxies for mineralogical and chemical composition, thermal analysis, and magnetic susceptibility. Diatom and ostracod communities were also identified and analyzed. The results reflected changes in the geochemistry, carbon content, mineralogy, and magnetic properties of the sediments that can be explained by variations in the sources of water input to the Salar de Tara. The sub-environments depend on the supply of water via the groundwater recharge of springs adjacent to the streamflow from the Zapaleri River, which promotes greater diversity and richness of genera. Our results suggest that water extraction at industrial levels greatly impacts the persistence of hydrologically connected HAWs, which concentrate a worldwide interest in brine mining.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limnological response from high-altitude wetlands to the water supply in the Andean Altiplano

García-Sanz

Heine-Fuster

Luque

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…Pinochet's dictatorship, as part of a broader radical neoliberal economic reform, imposed a Water Code in 1981 that is now seen as a textbook example of a free-market water system (Bauer, 1998; Budds, 2004). The model rests on strongly protected private water rights, which could be freely traded separately from the land market and with minimal State control (Prieto et al, 2020). It also functions in accordance with the Western US prior appropriation principle, whereby the individual who makes a request for water rights first is granted priority over others and receives them at no cost from the state.…”

Section: Articulating Atacameño Identitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Privatizing water in the Atacama Desert and the resurgence of Atacameño indigeneity

Prieto

2023

Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space

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Until the mid-1980s, the Atacameño indigenous people were broadly caricatured as Chilean peasants or herders. In the 1980s, they began a process of resurgence as indigenous in order to attain legal recognition. Structural approaches to indigeneity have explored this phenomenon by seeing Atacameños as passive subjects whose identity has been imposed, fixed, or mediated by the law and by external actors (e.g. bureaucrats, intellectuals, and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)). Problematizing these viewpoints, I argue here that Atacameños, rather than adopting indigeneity based on predetermined structural factors or instrumental motivations, are active agents in their resurgence and the articulation of their identity against cultural assimilation and extractive industries. Based largely on oral evidence collected from indigenous leaders and other key actors, I show that the dispossession and threats that the neoliberal Chilean Water Code brought to the Atacameños served as critical historical sediment for the resurgence and articulation of their indigeneity. The results problematize the hegemonic perspective that presents authenticity as a requisite for indigeneity and indigenous people as colonial power victims. Instead, Atacameños are situated agents who revived their identity within a broader process in order to challenge dominant structures concerning access to resources, principally water.

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“…Frontiers in Environmental Science frontiersin.org environmental degradation (Prieto et al, 2019) and conflicts (Bauer, 2015). Critiques go from: 1) the market system allowing trade of WURs granted without any government control on price and consideration of other uses in the basins (Bauer, 2015), resulting in concentration of WURs, price speculation and hoarding, leaving smaller producers and non-productive uses (e.g.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Rural transformation and differential vulnerability: Exploring adaptation strategies to water scarcity in the Aculeo Lake basin (Chile)

Ocampo‐Melgar

Barría²,

Chadwick³

et al. 2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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The way of life of agricultural rural territories and their long-term capacity to adapt to changes will be challenged not only by the impacts of climate change; but by increased vulnerability stemming from previous inadequate climate adaptations and development policies. Studies that deepen understanding of the differential causes and implications of vulnerabilities will improve adaptation or transformation of institutions for climate change. The Aculeo basin of Central Chile suffered an extreme 10-years rainfall deficit that resulted in the disappearance of a 12 km2 lake and the economic transformation of the territory. This paper presents a cross-scale exploration of the political, cultural and historical interconnections behind this dramatic story, while critically discussing whether today’s land use configuration reflects the territory’s adaptive capacity. The story is reconstructed using land-use change analysis along with literature review and Causal-Loop Analysis. Results show how previous policies and other human factors contributed to the agroecosystem transformation, creating different vulnerabilities in different economic sectors. Today, what is observed as disparate capacities to adapt to climatic drought is actually the result of historic exacerbations of the vulnerabilities that had significantly contributed to the water scarcity crisis.

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Water Policy and Management in Chile

Cited by 8 publications

References 26 publications

Limnological response from high-altitude wetlands to the water supply in the Andean Altiplano

Limnological response from high-altitude wetlands to the water supply in the Andean Altiplano

Privatizing water in the Atacama Desert and the resurgence of Atacameño indigeneity

Rural transformation and differential vulnerability: Exploring adaptation strategies to water scarcity in the Aculeo Lake basin (Chile)

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